An interesting picture is emerging in India as the EV scene heats up. The big players like Bajaj Auto, TVS Motor Company and Hero MotoCorp and Honda Motorcycles & Scooters India have shed any reservation they would have had about India’s EV market to mark their presence. The movement of these big wigs in the 2-wheeler space is taking place amid a certain clout created by new entrants at the organised end of the EV market like Ather Energy and Ola Electric as well as at the unorganised end of the EV market by entrants like E-Ashwa, ADMS e-bikes, Miracle 5, etc.

What is turning the EV scene in India more interesting is how the small EV players that could be described as those belonging to the unorganised part, are organising themselves to take on the big wigs. A recent development in Maharashtra where the transport authorities seized and fined low-speed two-wheelers that could exceed the stipulated maximum speed of 25 kmph and possibly possessed batteries and motors that exceeded the capacity put down in the rules has led to the smaller EV players to organise themselves as an association that would help them deal with any such eventualities in the future. The treatment meted out to them during the event made them think of a strategy that would effectively make them portray themselves as bigger and stronger. Make them possess the ability to represent themselves better and to lobby effectively if the needs arises.  

A similar development is taking place in the three-wheeler category as well. Starting of as small enterprises, electric three-wheeler manufacturers from across the country are beginning to organise themselves as they find that the bigger and better organised players like Piaggio and Ampere are beginning to corner a share of the electric three-wheeler market in the passenger as well as the cargo carrier level.

Moving up the value chain and taking to work closely with Indian suppliers, the smaller three-wheeler manufacturers are investing in better R&D, seeking help from specialised associates at the testing and components supply end to ensure that their vehicles meet the regulatory demand as well as the market expectations.  

Smaller electric three-wheeler manufacturers are also working closely with financiers to drive sales while keeping an eye on the regulatory changes and announcement of incentives by states as they announce EV policies in line with the one that the Union Government has drawn. Drawing attention to the EV policy announced by the State of Haryana, Suman Mishra, CEO, Mahindra Electric Mobility, said that her ompany welcomes the move. Terming it as ground breaking, she averred, “What is encouraging is that there is a comprehensive EV policy backing this move. Slashing emissions from the road transport sector forms a pivotal part of India's efforts to de-carbonise its economy and a well-articulated, incentivised EV policy is crucial to creating a conducive environment for the adoption of EVs.” 

As the bigger players like Mahindra and Piaggio continue to invest in network expansion, technology upgradation and development of products that are more efficient, the smaller players are taking to collaborations. They are working closely with components suppliers – many of whom are common to the bigger players – to ensure reliance on technology and to enhance their ability to sell reliable EVs. An emerging EV supply chain is almost ‘God-sent’ to the smaller Indian EV manufacturers. Also, the emergence of unique solutions providers like those that are supplying battery pack casing to facilitate easy swapping or charging of the battery or those that are making available test and certification facilities that would otherwise need high investments.  

Opinions and feedbacks have been called for by an agency under the aegis of Niti Aayog to prepare a draft for battery swapping policy even as the BIS standard has been made mandatory for EV batteries. There is however a need to reconsider the battery dimension regulation as far as the terminals are concerned, it seems. An industry source mentioned that a new concept of sunken terminals which are safe and efficient rather than the lead-acid battery-like terminals said to be under consideration with appropriate protection show go a long way in revolutioning the use of lithium-ion batteries, he informed.

The battery swapping policy draft is expected to be made public by the end of July 2022 and a policy expected to be announced soon after. At the passenger vehicle level, it is the big wigs like MG Motors and Tata Motors who have been calling the shots. New entrants like BYD are also planting their feet in the market that is growing at a fair pace. As the charging infrastructure grows amid high fossil fuel prices, electric passenger vehicles are growing in the face of attractive incentives, a growing drive range and increase vehicle performance.  

At the CV level too, it is a combination of established players like Tata Motors and new entrants like Olectra-BYD and JBM that have been calling the shots. The EV proliferation is at the bus-end of the market. The buyers are mostly city and state transport organisations. The act of purchasing electric buses is also helped by government initiatives like FAME II, which is claimed to be public transport oriented, are helping their proliferation. Given the complex nature of contracts for the supply of electric buses to government and semi-government organisations, it is the organised players with a deep understanding of the market that are at the forefront. What is surprising is how the new entrants like JBM and Olectra-BYD have succeeded in getting a strong hold. Their e-buses too are found along side the e-buses supplied by Tata Motors and Ashok Leyland in most cities in India.  

EVs have been big levelling act in India, mentioned an industry source. He drew attention to how the smaller and bigger players are jostling for the same market space almost. A right thrust on infrastructure creation and an emphasis on generation of electricity from greener sources should help EVs to prove to an extent that their cost to the environment is lower than that of the fossil-fuel vehicles, he added. For EVs to be truly environmentally friendly, efforts are being for scientific recycling and processing of vehicles and their components. The small and big players are expected to work together to achieve this goal, making the EV ecosystem in India are ‘true levelling’ ground. Something, which the fossil-fuel intensive auto sector has so far been unsuccessful to create.  

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Epsilon CAM, the cathode materials business of Epsilon Group, has entered customer validation testing for its Gen 3.0 Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Cathode Active Material with battery cell manufacturers across the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and the United States.

The material, launched in April 2026, records a discharge capacity of 159 mAh/g and an electrode density of 2.51 g/cc or higher. These metrics match performance benchmarks established by Chinese producers, who have historically supplied the majority of LFP cathode materials to international markets.

Epsilon CAM plans to construct a manufacturing facility with an annual capacity of 20,000 tonnes per annum (TPA) by 2028, with targets to expand output to 100,000 TPA. The expansion aims to position the company as an alternative supplier of cathode active materials outside of China.

Vikram Handa, Managing Director, Epsilon Group, said, "The global battery industry is entering an era where technology leadership must be complemented by resilient and diversified supply chains. The advancement of our Gen III LFP cathode material into customer validation with large global cell makers shows our commitment to providing cell manufacturers with high-performance, globally competitive and supply chain-resilient cathode solutions."

Product engineering for the material is conducted at Epsilon CAM's Cathode Technology Centre in Moosburg, Germany. The research hub operates alongside a 250 TPA pilot manufacturing facility and holds 149 patents in cathode chemistry, materials science and process engineering.

The non-Chinese origin of the technology and its manufacturing processes complies with United States Prohibited Foreign Entity (PFE) regulations regarding battery material provenance. This compliance provides automotive original equipment manufacturers and cell producers with a supply chain option that aligns with North American and European regulatory frameworks for electric mobility and energy storage products.

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E3 Electric.AI, a Bengaluru-based electric mobility startup, has officially entered the passenger scooter segment with the launch of the E3 TRION, a vehicle positioned as India’s first artificially intelligent electric scooter. The company unveiled the model as a new category contender, combining human-centric design with predictive intelligence and a modular architecture that enables continuous learning and adaptation over time.

The E3 TRION is built on the proprietary TRIAXISFRAME modular platform, which supports both portable and fixed battery configurations. This scalable architecture allows for multiple variants, namely the C1 with a removable battery, the C1x offering an IDC range of 165 kilometres from a three-kilowatt-hour pack and the C2 variant that achieves a top speed of 82 kmph and accelerates from 0 to 40 kmph in six seconds in Sport mode.

Central to the scooter’s intelligence is the E3 COMMANDCENTER, which includes the proprietary intelligent IoT core and cloud-based monitoring systems. This setup continuously tracks each connected vehicle, predicts potential failures before they occur, enables proactive servicing and delivers over-the-air software updates. With each ride, the system accumulates data to refine its responses, creating an evolving ownership ecosystem aimed at increasing rider confidence.

The rider interface is managed through the TRIPSENSE Intelligent Cockpit, featuring a five-inch INSIGHT DISPLAY that pairs with a smartphone for a unified experience. The system provides navigation, charging insights and AI-powered alerts, while the broader suite of over 100 intelligent functions includes a 10-second diagnostic health scan, predictive reports, a smart trip planner with charger locator, remote battery monitoring, dashcam capability, SOS assistance and geo-fencing.

Practical usability for Indian families remains a key focus, with the scooter equipped with 14-inch TRAKWHEEL wheels for improved grip and stability across varied terrains. The vehicle also features IP67 weather protection, safeguards against voltage fluctuations and the LIGHTIQ intelligent lighting system with dual projector LED headlamps and signature rear lamps. Ergonomics are addressed through ERGORIDE principles, optimising six contact points for natural visibility and comfort, while combined storage across the boot, floorboard and glove box totals up to 52 litres.

Powertrain options include a 2.3-kilowatt-hour portable VOLTPORT battery and a three-kilowatt-hour fixed battery, both using durable LFP chemistry and engineered for up to eight years of real-world use. The high-efficiency PMSM hub motor incorporates ROTORING and a detachable rim for faster servicing. Available in six colour options with various accessories, the E3 TRION is priced at an introductory ex-showroom Bengaluru rate of INR 109,999 for the C1x and INR 119,999 for the C2 variant.

Sanjeev P, Founder & CEO, E3 Electric.AI, said,"E3 Trion isn't an electric scooter with an app bolted on. It is built with AI at its core, human centric engineering and a modular future-ready platform. Every problem that's held Indian families back from going electric – range anxiety, safety, service, cost – is something we designed around from day one. We didn't want to build just another electric scooter; we set out to build an electric scooter where predictive intelligence is core to the architecture. The E3 Trion has been crafted keeping Indian families in mind, where daily commuting demands reliability, practicality and peace of mind. By making the technology adaptive and the experience intuitive, we want everyday travel to feel smoother and more dependable. This is a meaningful step towards mobility that's not only efficient but genuinely aligned with what modern Indian riders expect."

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VinFast Auto India has inaugurated its 60th retail outlet, a new 3S dealership in Patna, Bihar, marking the company’s first foray into the eastern state. The facility, established by Patliputra Motors Private Limited and led by Harsh Raj, is strategically positioned on NH-30, Bypass Road, to serve as a key access point for regional customers. This milestone comes just one year after the automaker opened its first Indian showroom, underscoring the rapid scaling of its commercial footprint.

Spanning 11,500 square feet, the Patna facility adheres to VinFast’s global retail standards and integrates vehicle sales, after-sales services and customer support within a single premises. A 3,000-square-foot modern showroom allows visitors to interact with the electric vehicle lineup, while dedicated professional teams manage the entire ownership journey. The one-stop destination is designed to handle everything from initial discovery and purchase to ongoing maintenance and care.

The expansion into Bihar reflects VinFast’s deliberate strategy to penetrate tier 2 and tier 3 markets alongside major metropolitan hubs, with Patna serving as a critical gateway to eastern India. The company remains on track to reach 75 dealerships across more than 60 cities by the end of 2026. Beyond retail growth, VinFast is concurrently bolstering its domestic ecosystem through local manufacturing, charging infrastructure and strategic partnerships to support India’s sustainable mobility transition.

The company’s premium electric SUVs, the VF 6 and VF 7, have achieved 5-star Bharat NCAP safety ratings and come with comprehensive benefits, including roadside assistance, three years of complimentary maintenance, and warranties up to 10 years or 200,000 kilometres. The seven-seater VF MPV 7 offers a 517-kilometre ARAI-certified range and fast-charging capability. Customer incentives include the Value Assured Programme for buyback guarantees, complimentary charging on the V-Green network until 2029 and a ‘Trade Gas for Electric’ initiative to facilitate the switch from internal combustion engine vehicles.

Tapan Ghosh, CEO, VinFast India, said, “We are delighted to mark the milestone of 60 dealerships in India while establishing VinFast’s presence in Bihar for the first time. This marks an important step in our growth journey and opens up new opportunities in a promising market in eastern India. VinFast remains committed to building a strong retail and after-sales network and accelerating the adoption of green mobility across the country.”

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Bengaluru-based electric two-wheeler manufacturer River Mobility has closed a USD 120 million Series C funding round comprising equity and venture debt.

The funding round was led by Elev8 Venture Partners and Claypond Capital, with equity participation from Singularity AMC, Anicut Capital, 360 ONE Asset, JIF Capital and HDFC AMC. Existing investors including Yamaha Motor Corporation, Al Futtaim Group, Mitsui & Co., Alteria Capital, Innoven Capital and Stride Ventures also participated in the round.

The company plans to utilise the capital to expand manufacturing capacity at its factory, construct a greenfield production facility, introduce products in the utility vehicle segment and support margin expansion and EBITDA targets.

River Mobility launched its Indie model in 2023 and operates over 75 retail locations across India, with plans to expand to 350 stores by March 2028.

At present, the company says its monthly EV sales have reached 5,000 units.

Aravind Mani, Co-Founder & CEO, River Mobility, said, "This funding marks an important milestone in River's journey. The confidence shown by both our existing and new investors reinforces our belief that there is tremendous opportunity to build India's first utility and design based mobility brand. This capital gives us the ability to accelerate our product roadmap, expand our manufacturing footprint and presence across the country."

Navin Honagudi, Managing Partner, Elev8 Venture Partners, said, “The electric two-wheeler market in India is entering a defining growth phase, driven by strong consumer adoption, improving economics, and increasing demand for differentiated products. River stands out for its sharp product thinking, exceptional execution capability, and a highly differentiated positioning in the market. Aravind, Vipin and the team have built a brand that resonates deeply with consumers looking for brilliant design, utility and durability. We believe River is well-positioned to emerge as one of the defining EV companies from India.”

Sekhar Garisa, Managing Director, Claypond Capital, said, “River has combined disciplined execution and thoughtful product differentiation to rapidly grow and garner customer love in a competitive market. We are excited to support the team as they scale further while contributing to the country’s energy transition and domestic manufacturing ambitions.”

Hajime Jim Aota, Chairman of Yamaha India Group, said, “River’s focus on building vertically integrated electric vehicle technology platform has been a key driver of its success. Yamaha are proud to see the progress made by River so far and are excited about being part of the next phase of growth.”

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