The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFC), Government of India, has issued a notification on rules for battery waste management in view of the shift to electric vehicles. Anticipating a need to have an organised channel for the safe disposal and recycling of batteries, the rules, called the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, are applicable to the producer, dealer, consumer, entities involved in collection, segregation, transportation, refurbishment and recycling of waste batteries. 

All types of batteries, regardless of their chemistry, shape, volume, weight, material composition and use are covered under the rules. The rules also have a provision for penal action in case of a violation and imposition of environmental compensation. The ministry has also set a minimum recovery percentage target for recovered materials out of dry weight batteries. 

The recovered materials will be then used to produce new batteries. For FY2024-25, the recovery target is set at 70 percent whereas for FY2025-26, it is 80 percent. The target for FY2026-27 is 90 percent. Mentioning that the recovery target may be reviewed by the committee once every four years to revisit the minimum levels of recovered battery materials in light of technical and scientific progress and emerging new technologies in waste management, the notification is expected to contribute towards enhancing each and every EV’s cost to the environment in India. This is especially in connection with the fact that nearly 1.4 million EVs as of July 2022 are said to operate in India if the data shared by the ministry of road transport and highways is relied upon. More than half of this volume is claimed to consist of electric three-wheelers followed by two-wheelers and passenger cars. 

The PLI scheme and other policy changes in terms of manufacture and sale of electric vehicles, it is clear that a strong battery ELV and disposal policy has to be in place. From the cost to the environment point of view, a policy extension in terms of the manufacture of such batteries locally down to the fuel cell level should also taking into view the ability of the battery to perform efficiently through out its lifecycle, thus staying alive for longer and when it does die, it should be recyclable to a great extent. 

Dr Akshay Singhal, Founder and CEO of Log9 Materials, averred. “The newly introduced Battery Waste Management standards by the Government under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) concept addresses two important concerns. An efficient and effective waste management of all Li-Ion batteries that are nearing the end of their useful life and are expected to end up in landfills in a few years, avoiding any residual pollution impact. Second is the emphasis on investing in and nurturing the recycling of such used batteries, reducing the reliance on fresh resource mining.” 

Shubham Vishvakarma, CEO and Chief of Process Engineering of Metastable Materials, said, “The Battery Waste Management Rules announced by the Government of India is an excellent and much-needed step towards bringing to the fore innovations and myriad growth opportunities for the battery waste management and battery treatment space in our country, especially at a time when the ongoing EV boom in India is leading us to increasing concerns on e-waste.” “Under the new Rules notified, the Government has mandated a minimum percentage of recovery of various materials from end-of-life batteries, which is bound to enable the growth of novel business models such as urban mining in order to reduce India’s foreign dependency on procuring raw materials for EV batteries and other types of batteries,” he added. 

Ashok Sudrik, Chief Scientist, Infinite Orbit Research and Development Pvt Ltd, commented, “The Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, were much needed and we are happy that government has started taking cognizance of the hazardous waste being created and the recycling or waste collection. Other than waste management recycling rules, there is a need for manufacturers to incorporate extension of battery life technologies, keep the lithium content minimal and develop innovative cell chemistry. The life of a battery should be 4000 to 6000 cycles, which means a life spane of about 10 to 15 years. BaaS (Battery as a Service) concept with swappable batteries will be a big contributor to the ultimate goal of keeping cost to the environment low.”

In other parts of the world

In Canada, Li-Cycle will begin constructing a USD 175 million plant in Rochester, N.Y., for recycling of lithium-ion batteries. On the grounds of what used to be the Eastman Kodak complex, the plant will be the largest of its kind in North America with an eventual capacity of 25 metric kilotons of input material and a capability to recover 95 percent or more of cobalt, nickel, lithium and other valuable elements through zero-wastewater, zero-emissions process. Ajay Kochhar, Co-founder and CEO, Li-Cycle, said, “We'll be one of the largest domestic sources of nickel and lithium, as well as the only source of cobalt in the United States."  

In May 2022, Hydrovolt, the largest battery recycling plant in Europe started operations in Fredrikstad, Norway. A joint venture between two Norwegian companies – Hydro and Northvolt, the plant has the capacity to process 12,000 tonnes of battery packs per year, enough for the entire end-of-life battery market in Norway currently. Claimed to have the capability to recover 95 percent of the materials used in an EV battery including plastics, copper, aluminum and ‘black mass’, a powder containing various elements inside lithium-ion batteries like nickel, manganese, cobalt and lithium. 

Not just in Europe or US, the rise of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and associated battery gigafactories is pushing forward the creation of a battery recycling value chain. It is a matter of debate whether it got to be a close-loop or an open-loop design in terms of sourcing of batteries to recycle and to put the resulting material to good use so that the cost to the environment is kept minimal. As the demand for use of ‘green’ electricity source gathers pace the world over, on the other end of the spectrum, which involved the end-of-life vehicle for EVs, the demand for recycling in increasing partly due to regulations – the EU regulations have just intensified – and partly by a demand for re-use of materials due to geo-political reasons as well. A strong desire to localise supply chains and safeguard critical raw materials are also the driving factors.  

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Hyundai Motor India (HMIL) has announced that its popular SUV the Creta has surpassed 200,000 units sales in CY2025.

This figure represents the highest annual sales volume for the vehicle since its introduction. This translates to an average of 550 units sold per day, maintaining the model's position in the mid-size SUV segment with a market share exceeding 34 percent.

Marking a decade on Indian roads, the SUV achieved a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 9 percent between 2016 and 2025. Hyundai Motor India stated that its internal data reveals a shift in buyer demographics, with first-time buyers increasing from 13 percent in 2020 to 32 percent in 2025. Product trends within the range show that variants equipped with a sunroof accounted for over 70 percent of sales in 2025, while diesel powertrains maintained a 44 percent share of total volume.

At present, the Creta can be had with a 1.5-litre petrol, 1.5-litre diesel and 1.5-litre turbo petrol engines, as well as an electric (EV) variant. Transmission choices include manual, IVT, automatic and DCT. The model remains the highest-selling mid-size SUV in the country on a cumulative basis for the period between 2020 and 2025.

Tarun Garg, Managing Director & CEO designate, Hyundai Motor India, said “Hyundai Creta journey in India is nothing short of extraordinary and achieving highest-ever annual sales of more than 2 lakhs units is a proud and defining moment for all of us at Hyundai. It is also the highest selling SUV of our country on a cumulative basis from 2020-2025. Infact, over the past 10 years of its journey in India, Creta’s customer base has grown manifold, transforming it from a capable SUV into a trusted companion for every journey. The brand’s momentum also reflects in the rise of first-time buyers - from 13 percent in 2020 to an impressive 32 percent in 2025. Aspirations of Creta customers have also evolved over the years, with sunroof-equipped variants contributing more than 70 percent of Creta’s sales in 2025. In addition, the diesel powertrain contributes a strong 44 percent share to Creta sales. We are deeply grateful to our customers and dealer partners for making Creta a symbol of Hyundai’s trust, innovation and commitment.”

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MapmyIndia Mappls has expanded its Mappls App by integrating multimodal public transport routes. The update allows users to access information for metro, rail and bus services within the application.

The feature enables the 40 million users of the platform to view stations, stops and interchange options. The service is currently available in cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kolkata, among others. The update is live on iOS and web platforms, with an Android release scheduled to follow.

The public transport data joins existing app features such as turn-by-turn navigation, traffic updates and safety alerts. By combining private and public transport data, the company aims to assist in journey planning and support mass transit adoption to manage urban congestion.

As an indigenous platform, MapmyIndia aligns its mapping data with government guidelines regarding international borders and sensitive establishments. The government sector currently accounts for 20 percent of the company's gross revenue.

Rakesh Verma, Co-Founder, Chairman & Managing Director, MapmyIndia Mappls, said, “The launch of multimodal public transport routes on the Mappls App is a direct outcome of listening to our users. We want the Mappls App to be more inclusive and accessible for every citizen. We are pleased to begin rolling out this feature across select cities and will continue expanding coverage to make public transport more convenient for millions of Indians. As a fully indigenous platform built in India for India, Mappls remains committed to supporting sustainable urban mobility by seamlessly integrating public transport into everyday navigation.”

The company plans to expand the coverage of this feature to additional cities to further integrate public transport into its navigation ecosystem.

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Israel-headquartered REE Automotive has signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Cascadia Motion, a subsidiary of BorgWarner Inc., to develop and manufacture a next-generation electric drive unit (EDU).

The partnership focuses on integrating Cascadia Motion’s iM-125 motor and inverter with REEcorner technology. The resulting EDU is intended for global original equipment manufacturer (OEM) electrification programmes, providing a modular solution for software-defined vehicles (SDVs).

The proposed EDU is designed to support ASIL-D functional safety standards and features a zonal architecture. This system uses centralised control units to replace legacy domain systems, reducing wiring and enabling over-the-air (OTA) updates.

Technical Specifications (at Gearbox Output):

• Motor Type: Permanent Magnet
• Peak Torque (30s): 3000 Nm
• Peak Power: 100 kW
• Gear Ratio: 19.17
• Weight: 54 kg
• Cooling: Water-Glycol

REE plans to grant Cascadia Motion access to its existing assembly lines, tooling and supplier networks to facilitate production. The companies also intend to evaluate market demand for complete SDV solutions, including standalone REEcorner units and chassis control software.

The collaboration occurs as industry research suggests the global EDU market will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9 percent between 2025 and 2035. The move is aimed at helping OEMs reduce development cycles for electric vehicles through ready-to-integrate hardware.

Joseph McHenry, General Manager, BorgWarner Portland, said, “Integrating Cascadia Motion’s iM 125 drive unit with REEcorner technology bolsters our portfolio of off-the-shelf electric drive solutions, providing our customers with even more flexibility in their electrification programs. This collaboration reflects our commitment to delivering innovative, ready-to-integrate drive units that help OEMs reduce development time and streamline vehicle launch.”

Daniel Barel, CEO and Co-Founder, REE Automotive, said, “We believe that this MoU with Cascadia Motions represents a natural progression of our three-year collaboration and reinforces our mission to accelerate the industry’s transition to software-defined, by-wire mobility. We believe this collaboration positions us to meet global demand at scale while laying the groundwork for next-generation, fully by-wire solutions.”

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Bengaluru-based electric powertrain start-up Entuple E-Mobility has raised INR 130 million in a funding round led by Varanium Capital, which also participation from existing investors Blue Ashva Capital, alongside high-net-worth individuals and family offices, including Mohit Oswal, founder of Roop Automotives.

The start-up operates a 25,000 sqft manufacturing plant in Bengaluru, where it produces hub and mid-motor powertrains for two- and three-wheelers. Entuple develops its motors, controllers and firmware in-house without external licensing.

The funding will be used to advance the company's technology stack and expand into new vehicle segments. Key areas of focus include:

• High-Voltage Systems: Development of motors for four-wheelers, buses and trucks.
• Power Electronics: Research and development into new-generation intelligent motor controllers.
• Commercial Vehicles: Engineering powertrains specifically for the heavy-duty commercial segment.

By deepening its indigenous technology, Entuple aims to provide powertrain solutions for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in India and international markets.

Rakesh Mishra, Founder and CEO, Entuple E-Mobility, said, “This round enables us to double down on high-voltage powertrain platforms for four-wheelers, passenger vehicles, and commercial vehicles while continuing to strengthen our core IP in motors, power electronics, and controls. We are excited to partner with Varanium Capital and our existing investors as we scale from proven 2W/3W solutions to becoming a key technology enabler for the next generation of EV programs in India and beyond.”

Satya Bansal, Founder & CEO, Blue Ashva Capital, said, “We reinforce our confidence by further participating in the current fund raise. In a market often relying on assembled solutions, Entuple differentiates itself by engineering superior technology fully designed and developed in India. This is one of the best design and engineering teams in the motor and controller space in the country, which was largely dominated by imported or assembled components in India so far.”

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