The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFC), Government of India, has issued a notification on rules for battery waste management in view of the shift to electric vehicles. Anticipating a need to have an organised channel for the safe disposal and recycling of batteries, the rules, called the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, are applicable to the producer, dealer, consumer, entities involved in collection, segregation, transportation, refurbishment and recycling of waste batteries. 

All types of batteries, regardless of their chemistry, shape, volume, weight, material composition and use are covered under the rules. The rules also have a provision for penal action in case of a violation and imposition of environmental compensation. The ministry has also set a minimum recovery percentage target for recovered materials out of dry weight batteries. 

The recovered materials will be then used to produce new batteries. For FY2024-25, the recovery target is set at 70 percent whereas for FY2025-26, it is 80 percent. The target for FY2026-27 is 90 percent. Mentioning that the recovery target may be reviewed by the committee once every four years to revisit the minimum levels of recovered battery materials in light of technical and scientific progress and emerging new technologies in waste management, the notification is expected to contribute towards enhancing each and every EV’s cost to the environment in India. This is especially in connection with the fact that nearly 1.4 million EVs as of July 2022 are said to operate in India if the data shared by the ministry of road transport and highways is relied upon. More than half of this volume is claimed to consist of electric three-wheelers followed by two-wheelers and passenger cars. 

The PLI scheme and other policy changes in terms of manufacture and sale of electric vehicles, it is clear that a strong battery ELV and disposal policy has to be in place. From the cost to the environment point of view, a policy extension in terms of the manufacture of such batteries locally down to the fuel cell level should also taking into view the ability of the battery to perform efficiently through out its lifecycle, thus staying alive for longer and when it does die, it should be recyclable to a great extent. 

Dr Akshay Singhal, Founder and CEO of Log9 Materials, averred. “The newly introduced Battery Waste Management standards by the Government under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) concept addresses two important concerns. An efficient and effective waste management of all Li-Ion batteries that are nearing the end of their useful life and are expected to end up in landfills in a few years, avoiding any residual pollution impact. Second is the emphasis on investing in and nurturing the recycling of such used batteries, reducing the reliance on fresh resource mining.” 

Shubham Vishvakarma, CEO and Chief of Process Engineering of Metastable Materials, said, “The Battery Waste Management Rules announced by the Government of India is an excellent and much-needed step towards bringing to the fore innovations and myriad growth opportunities for the battery waste management and battery treatment space in our country, especially at a time when the ongoing EV boom in India is leading us to increasing concerns on e-waste.” “Under the new Rules notified, the Government has mandated a minimum percentage of recovery of various materials from end-of-life batteries, which is bound to enable the growth of novel business models such as urban mining in order to reduce India’s foreign dependency on procuring raw materials for EV batteries and other types of batteries,” he added. 

Ashok Sudrik, Chief Scientist, Infinite Orbit Research and Development Pvt Ltd, commented, “The Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, were much needed and we are happy that government has started taking cognizance of the hazardous waste being created and the recycling or waste collection. Other than waste management recycling rules, there is a need for manufacturers to incorporate extension of battery life technologies, keep the lithium content minimal and develop innovative cell chemistry. The life of a battery should be 4000 to 6000 cycles, which means a life spane of about 10 to 15 years. BaaS (Battery as a Service) concept with swappable batteries will be a big contributor to the ultimate goal of keeping cost to the environment low.”

In other parts of the world

In Canada, Li-Cycle will begin constructing a USD 175 million plant in Rochester, N.Y., for recycling of lithium-ion batteries. On the grounds of what used to be the Eastman Kodak complex, the plant will be the largest of its kind in North America with an eventual capacity of 25 metric kilotons of input material and a capability to recover 95 percent or more of cobalt, nickel, lithium and other valuable elements through zero-wastewater, zero-emissions process. Ajay Kochhar, Co-founder and CEO, Li-Cycle, said, “We'll be one of the largest domestic sources of nickel and lithium, as well as the only source of cobalt in the United States."  

In May 2022, Hydrovolt, the largest battery recycling plant in Europe started operations in Fredrikstad, Norway. A joint venture between two Norwegian companies – Hydro and Northvolt, the plant has the capacity to process 12,000 tonnes of battery packs per year, enough for the entire end-of-life battery market in Norway currently. Claimed to have the capability to recover 95 percent of the materials used in an EV battery including plastics, copper, aluminum and ‘black mass’, a powder containing various elements inside lithium-ion batteries like nickel, manganese, cobalt and lithium. 

Not just in Europe or US, the rise of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and associated battery gigafactories is pushing forward the creation of a battery recycling value chain. It is a matter of debate whether it got to be a close-loop or an open-loop design in terms of sourcing of batteries to recycle and to put the resulting material to good use so that the cost to the environment is kept minimal. As the demand for use of ‘green’ electricity source gathers pace the world over, on the other end of the spectrum, which involved the end-of-life vehicle for EVs, the demand for recycling in increasing partly due to regulations – the EU regulations have just intensified – and partly by a demand for re-use of materials due to geo-political reasons as well. A strong desire to localise supply chains and safeguard critical raw materials are also the driving factors.  

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Anaphite, a UK battery technology startup, has released the results of an independent sustainability assessment of its dry coating technology platform for battery electrode manufacturing. The analysis, conducted by life cycle assessment experts Minviro, found that Anaphite's patented technology reduces carbon emissions by 3.57 kg CO2 eq. per kWh of cell capacity compared to the wet coating process.

At present, it is estimated that wet coating is used for over 99 percent of electrode production globally. It is energy-intensive due to the ovens needed to dry electrodes. Dry coating processes eliminate this drying oven.

Anaphite’s patented platform combines all ingredients of a battery electrode into a single engineered material, which is optimised for high-speed dry coating lines. The company states this approach solves the challenges of achieving dry coating at scale, unlocking carbon emissions savings for battery and EV makers.

• If Anaphite’s technology were to completely replace wet coating for every cell made in 2025, it would save 7 million tonnes of CO2.
• For a 75 kWh battery pack, the technology can deliver a 268 kg CO2 eq. saving.

With global annual demand expected to double by 2030, the adoption of dry coating is imperative to maximise environmental benefits.

Joe Stevenson, CEO, Anaphite, said, “Wet coating of electrodes is well proven, but manufacturers want it replaced by dry coating because of the carbon footprint improvements and cost reductions it delivers. Our unique dry coating process technology is the solution manufacturers need to make EVs more sustainable. We’re delighted to see its environmental benefits confirmed by Minviro’s independent assessment. We’re scaling-up the Anaphite technology platform at our facility in the UK and deepening our in-house dry coating capabilities and expertise. We are working in close collaboration with the global automotive industry to bring dry coating to market.”

Lydia Bridges, Senior Consultant, Minviro, said, “Collaborating with Anaphite on this study has been a great example of how rigorous, transparent assessment can translate innovative process design into quantifiable results. Our independent analysis identified a clear reduction in carbon footprint for Anaphite’s dry coating process compared with conventional wet coating, using ISO-aligned methods and critical review. Studies like this that follow the Environmental Footprint (EF) method provide essential environmental data for cell manufacturers, as this method forms the basis of the EU Battery Regulation carbon footprint quantification.”

The assessment is compliant with the ISO-14067 standard and the climate change model aligns with that proposed for the incoming EU Battery Passport regulations. These regulations will be mandatory from 2027 for EV and industrial batteries over 2 kWh, requiring the reporting of each battery's total carbon footprint. The work was part of a Feasibility Study project funded by a grant from the UK Government under the Automotive Transformation Fund (ATF).

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Italian automotive majors Alfa Romeo and Maserati have joined forces to establish BOTTEGAFUORISERIE, a new automotive excellence hub in Italy's Motor Valley. This initiative aims to shape bespoke automotive experiences by merging tradition, craftsmanship and technology.

The project encompasses a broad area extending from Modena to Turin and Arese (Milan province), bringing together the legacies of both manufacturers. Cristiano Fiorio has been entrusted with the leadership of BOTTEGAFUORISERIE, reporting directly to Santo Ficili, Alfa Romeo CEO and Maserati COO. The initiative was established under the patronage of the Altagamma Foundation.

BOTTEGAFUORISERIE will focus on several main thematic areas: BOTTEGA, FUORISERIE, Corse and La Storia (History).

• BOTTEGA: This serves as the 'sartorial heart,' dedicated to developing and building 'few-off' limited edition projects, such as the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale and the Maserati MCXtrema. This work involves collaboration with the customer to create a unique piece.
• FUORISERIE: This offers advanced personalisation, allowing customers to turn their car into a unique model. A design team will explore new creative vernaculars while remaining faithful to the brands’ aesthetic codes.
• Corse: Focused on motorsport, this theme transforms racing know-how into engineering innovation for super sports cars. Maserati Corse serves as a driving force, leveraging racing solutions to evolve the cars.
• La Storia: This initiative preserves the historical heritage of both brands through restoration and certification of vintage cars, and the creation of archives and museums, including the Alfa Romeo Museum in Arese and the Umberto Panini Maserati Collection in Modena.

Santo Ficili, CEO, Alfa Romeo and COO, Maserati, said, “This launch is more than the creation of a new initiative – it is the symbol of a new era for Alfa Romeo and Maserati. It represents our unwavering belief in the power of Italian creativity, engineering and craftsmanship. I am proud to entrust this mission to Cristiano Fiorio; his exceptional work on projects like the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale and our motorsport programmes has demonstrated not only technical mastery but also a deep emotional connection to the soul of our brands. This is the first milestone in a broader transformation that will define the future of both Alfa Romeo and Maserati.”

Jean-Philippe Imparato, Maserati CEO, added: “We are extremely proud to announce this extraordinary joining of forces between two iconic brands. BOTTEGAFUORISERIE represents the meeting point between vision and reality. This is where dreams will be shaped into reality, where the extraordinary becomes tangible. Guided by creativity and discipline, each project is the result of rigorous research and unwavering dedication. By combining the finest in Italian design, engineering, and culture, BOTTEGAFUORISERIE embodies a unique approach to shaping the future – one we deeply believe in.”

Cristiano Fiorio, BOTTEGAFUORISERIE General Manager, said, “Being entrusted with the leadership of BOTTEGAFUORISERIE is both a profound honour and a thrilling challenge. This is somewhere where past, present and future converge – where we celebrate our heritage while daring to imagine what’s next. I will draw on the incredible experiences gained through special projects and motorsport to guide this new journey. With a team of passionate, talented individuals, we will craft vehicles that are not only technically exceptional but emotionally unforgettable. Our mission is clear: to honour the legacy of Alfa Romeo and Maserati, and to write the next chapter in their history with boldness, beauty and authenticity. Performance is an act of culture. Creating beauty is a form of art.”

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German component supplier Eberspaecher is expanding its product portfolio with two new heating solutions for 800-volt electrical systems in battery electric vehicles (BEVs).

The company states that optimised thermal management is important for addressing challenges in electromobility, such as battery range, charging times and comfort.

Eberspaecher is introducing a coolant heater with thick film technology and an air heater with PTC technology. Both systems provide demand-based heat output for the passenger cabin and battery conditioning and can be integrated into OEM systems on a modular basis.

The new coolant heater uses thick film technology (TFE), offering a compact and powerful alternative to classic PTC technology.

• Heat Output: The component conditions the vehicle battery and achieves up to 12 kW of output at 800-volt, contributing to extending battery life and reducing charging times.
• Voltage Flexibility: The heater delivers sufficient output even at 400-volt, ensuring compatibility with the current charging infrastructure.
• Safety: The safety concept includes multiple sensors and an independently operating second shutdown path.

The thick film heater is suitable for passenger cars and trucks and has been selected by several automobile manufacturers for use in their series lines. Production is scheduled to begin in 2027.

On the other hand, the air heater, which is installed directly in the air-conditioning system, uses PTC technology.

• Multi-Zone Function: The heater features a multi-zone function allowing the driver to control the temperature separately in up to four zones in the interior, such as different temperatures for the driver and front passenger sides.
• Power Range: The heater is designed to accommodate both 400- and 800-volt architectures, with a power range of 3-8 kW.
• Emissions: Eberspaecher avoids using adhesives in the setup of heating elements wherever possible, minimising the risk of unwanted emissions in the passenger compartment.

The product will be available in Asia, Europe and North America starting in 2028.

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Chennai-headquartered two-wheeler and three-wheeler major TVS Motor Company has partnered Swiss startup Aegis Rider to showcase a ride assist innovation at EICMA 2025: the Heads-Up Display (HUD) AR Helmet.

The helmet uses spatial anchoring and augmented reality (AR) technology to display vital information in the rider’s line of sight, keeping focus on the road. The AR display provides real-time navigation, hazard alerts and call notifications without distracting the rider. Visitors to the exhibition are experiencing demonstrations of the technology on the TVS RTR 310 motorcycle.

The Aegis Rider HUD Helmet combines a magnetic binocular AR glass and an OLED projector within a carbon fibre shell. It features adaptive brightness and anti-glare properties for clear visibility.

The system connects wirelessly to both the motorcycle infotainment and smartphones. It is powered by a Qualcomm processor and a 7,000mAh rechargeable battery, which lasts four hours. Riders receive navigation, call and message alerts, music control and an integrated 5MP action camera. The helmet meets global safety certifications, including ECE 22.06 and DOT.

Simon Hecker, Founder and CEO, Aegis Rider, said, “We have been working relentlessly for the past 5 years to achieve a breakthrough in technology that enables the anchoring of information in space to the motorcycle rider. In our standalone helmet, we show information that is typically shown on the motorcycle dashboard in a head-up display to the rider, which stays in front of the motorcycle independent of the head and motorcycle movements. In the integrated version that will be available together with TVS & Norton, we unlock additional information from the motorcycle such as turn signals, RPM, fuel level, gear position, and many more that are available on the motorcycle.”

The HUD AR Helmet is displayed in the TVS Connect zone, which also features the TVS X, an electric scooter with Android Auto integration created in partnership with Google. The TVS Connected Services suite, which integrates smart watches, phones and vehicles, is also on display.

Upcoming developments for the helmet will expand features to include ride assistance, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity and cloud-based ride analytics.

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