The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFC), Government of India, has issued a notification on rules for battery waste management in view of the shift to electric vehicles. Anticipating a need to have an organised channel for the safe disposal and recycling of batteries, the rules, called the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, are applicable to the producer, dealer, consumer, entities involved in collection, segregation, transportation, refurbishment and recycling of waste batteries. 

All types of batteries, regardless of their chemistry, shape, volume, weight, material composition and use are covered under the rules. The rules also have a provision for penal action in case of a violation and imposition of environmental compensation. The ministry has also set a minimum recovery percentage target for recovered materials out of dry weight batteries. 

The recovered materials will be then used to produce new batteries. For FY2024-25, the recovery target is set at 70 percent whereas for FY2025-26, it is 80 percent. The target for FY2026-27 is 90 percent. Mentioning that the recovery target may be reviewed by the committee once every four years to revisit the minimum levels of recovered battery materials in light of technical and scientific progress and emerging new technologies in waste management, the notification is expected to contribute towards enhancing each and every EV’s cost to the environment in India. This is especially in connection with the fact that nearly 1.4 million EVs as of July 2022 are said to operate in India if the data shared by the ministry of road transport and highways is relied upon. More than half of this volume is claimed to consist of electric three-wheelers followed by two-wheelers and passenger cars. 

The PLI scheme and other policy changes in terms of manufacture and sale of electric vehicles, it is clear that a strong battery ELV and disposal policy has to be in place. From the cost to the environment point of view, a policy extension in terms of the manufacture of such batteries locally down to the fuel cell level should also taking into view the ability of the battery to perform efficiently through out its lifecycle, thus staying alive for longer and when it does die, it should be recyclable to a great extent. 

Dr Akshay Singhal, Founder and CEO of Log9 Materials, averred. “The newly introduced Battery Waste Management standards by the Government under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) concept addresses two important concerns. An efficient and effective waste management of all Li-Ion batteries that are nearing the end of their useful life and are expected to end up in landfills in a few years, avoiding any residual pollution impact. Second is the emphasis on investing in and nurturing the recycling of such used batteries, reducing the reliance on fresh resource mining.” 

Shubham Vishvakarma, CEO and Chief of Process Engineering of Metastable Materials, said, “The Battery Waste Management Rules announced by the Government of India is an excellent and much-needed step towards bringing to the fore innovations and myriad growth opportunities for the battery waste management and battery treatment space in our country, especially at a time when the ongoing EV boom in India is leading us to increasing concerns on e-waste.” “Under the new Rules notified, the Government has mandated a minimum percentage of recovery of various materials from end-of-life batteries, which is bound to enable the growth of novel business models such as urban mining in order to reduce India’s foreign dependency on procuring raw materials for EV batteries and other types of batteries,” he added. 

Ashok Sudrik, Chief Scientist, Infinite Orbit Research and Development Pvt Ltd, commented, “The Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, were much needed and we are happy that government has started taking cognizance of the hazardous waste being created and the recycling or waste collection. Other than waste management recycling rules, there is a need for manufacturers to incorporate extension of battery life technologies, keep the lithium content minimal and develop innovative cell chemistry. The life of a battery should be 4000 to 6000 cycles, which means a life spane of about 10 to 15 years. BaaS (Battery as a Service) concept with swappable batteries will be a big contributor to the ultimate goal of keeping cost to the environment low.”

In other parts of the world

In Canada, Li-Cycle will begin constructing a USD 175 million plant in Rochester, N.Y., for recycling of lithium-ion batteries. On the grounds of what used to be the Eastman Kodak complex, the plant will be the largest of its kind in North America with an eventual capacity of 25 metric kilotons of input material and a capability to recover 95 percent or more of cobalt, nickel, lithium and other valuable elements through zero-wastewater, zero-emissions process. Ajay Kochhar, Co-founder and CEO, Li-Cycle, said, “We'll be one of the largest domestic sources of nickel and lithium, as well as the only source of cobalt in the United States."  

In May 2022, Hydrovolt, the largest battery recycling plant in Europe started operations in Fredrikstad, Norway. A joint venture between two Norwegian companies – Hydro and Northvolt, the plant has the capacity to process 12,000 tonnes of battery packs per year, enough for the entire end-of-life battery market in Norway currently. Claimed to have the capability to recover 95 percent of the materials used in an EV battery including plastics, copper, aluminum and ‘black mass’, a powder containing various elements inside lithium-ion batteries like nickel, manganese, cobalt and lithium. 

Not just in Europe or US, the rise of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and associated battery gigafactories is pushing forward the creation of a battery recycling value chain. It is a matter of debate whether it got to be a close-loop or an open-loop design in terms of sourcing of batteries to recycle and to put the resulting material to good use so that the cost to the environment is kept minimal. As the demand for use of ‘green’ electricity source gathers pace the world over, on the other end of the spectrum, which involved the end-of-life vehicle for EVs, the demand for recycling in increasing partly due to regulations – the EU regulations have just intensified – and partly by a demand for re-use of materials due to geo-political reasons as well. A strong desire to localise supply chains and safeguard critical raw materials are also the driving factors.  

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Taiwan-headquartered Delta Electronics has announced a collaboration with NVIDIA aimed at developing autonomous driving systems for next-generation vehicles.

The partnership combines Delta’s automotive energy management, electric powertrain systems and in-vehicle high-performance computing system integration with the NVIDIA Hyperion reference platform and NVIDIA Halos safety system.

NVIDIA Hyperion serves as a sensor and compute architecture for Level 4 autonomous vehicles and robotaxis, utilising dual NVIDIA DRIVE AGX Thor processors to enable production-ready vehicle autonomy.

James Tang, Executive Vice-President of Mobility Business Category, Delta, said, "Autonomous driving requires years of technology development, continuous innovation, and strong system integration. Our commitment to the EV sector began several years ago, developing strong expertise in power electronics and key automotive technologies, and accumulating extensive development experience with world-class automakers. We are honoured that NVIDIA recognises Delta’s automotive expertise and strategic direction. Through this joint endeavour, we will further integrate AI and HPC capabilities into the enhancement of advanced autonomous driving functions, turning next-generation smart vehicles into real-world applications while pursuing new opportunities in the fast-growing smart mobility market."

Rishi Dhall, Vice-President of Automotive, NVIDIA, said, "Level 4 autonomous driving requires powerful in-vehicle computing, a comprehensive sensor architecture and close collaboration across the automotive ecosystem. By combining Delta’s automotive and system integration expertise with NVIDIA Hyperion, we can accelerate the development of safe, intelligent and scalable autonomous driving systems for the next generation of mobility."

Under the agreement, Delta will work alongside NVIDIA’s engineering teams to integrate its system technology into the Hyperion architecture, while leveraging NVIDIA's international network to broaden commercial engagement with global automotive manufacturers.

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Stellantis and Wayve will participate in the Wave by Vento event in Turin from 7 to 9 October 2026, featuring executive sessions, technical presentations and demonstration rides focused on artificial intelligence in mobility.

A keynote session titled ‘Technology Made for Humans’ will feature Stellantis CEO Antonio Filosa and Wayve Co-Founder and CEO Alex Kendall on 9 October. Moderated by Adam Jonas, global embodied AI and robotics strategist at Morgan Stanley, the discussion will focus on AI-powered mobility and strategic partnerships for technology deployment at scale.

During the event, Stellantis and Wayve will conduct demonstration rides in Fiat 500e and Maserati Grecale development vehicles equipped with the STLA AutoDrive platform powered by Wayve.

The system integrates the Wayve AI Driver to demonstrate hands-free, door-to-door supervised automated driving, categorised as Level 2++, in real-world driving conditions. The integration follows the Jeep Grand Cherokee development vehicle displayed at Stellantis' Investor Day in May, applying the same core AI driving software across three vehicle architectures without model-specific software re-engineering.

Announced in May 2026, the strategic partnership between Stellantis and Wayve focuses on supervised automated driving software for highway and urban environments. Stellantis targets its first commercial product launch using the technology in North America in 2028.

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Energy In Motion (EIM Ltd) has inaugurated a heavy-duty battery swapping-cum-charging station at Rewari, Haryana, expanding its energy infrastructure along the NH-48 Delhi-Mumbai freight corridor.

The facility was inaugurated by Dr. Hanif Qureshi, IPS, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India. The event was attended by representatives from cement and logistics companies, fleet operators, financial institutions, and transport providers, including Mahendra Singhi, Board Member and Advisor at Dalmia Cement, Arun Kumar Khurana, Joint President and Head of Operations Logistics at UltraTech Cement, Manav Bansal, Co-Founder and CEO at Drivn and Narendra Murkumbi, Managing Director at Energy In Motion.

The Rewari station joins existing EIM facilities at Palwal and Kotputli along the NH-48 corridor. Each station operates with a connected load of 2.5 MW to supply power directly along key transit routes. The infrastructure utilises a battery-swapping model designed to replace depleted heavy-vehicle batteries with charged units, reducing vehicle idle time compared to stationary plug-in charging methods.

Narendra Murkumbi, MD, EIM, said, “The Rewari station is dedicated to support Green logistics more economically. The facility can swap a discharged battery of an Electric Heavy commercial vehicle (e-HCV) typically in 7 minutes, against 55-60 minutes of charging time through a conventional charger, there by yielding a significantly higher fleet availability and better economics for any fleet owner or transporter. The station has the capacity to serve over 150 vehicles a day. EIM’s Battery Swapping, together with its larger capacity battery of 350 kWh, can result into a 10 percent increment in the No. of monthly return trips on any corridor for any Logistics Service Provider (LSP). We plan to set-up 40 such stations across India in the current financial year, of which 8 are already operational and 7 more in various stages of installation. EIM, in its pursuit of creating value for its customers through innovative solutions, has already gained large traction across India through its ‘Maitryi’ model (Battery as a Service or BaaS) where a customer’s upfront capital deployment stands reduced by 40 percent while buying a heavy-duty electric truck, a capital-intensive item.”

EIM offers its infrastructure under a Battery as a Service (BaaS) commercial structure, designated as the 'Maitryi' model. The arrangement separates the vehicle purchase price from the battery unit, lowering initial capital expenditure for logistics providers purchasing heavy-duty electric trucks. The company plans to deploy 40 heavy-duty swapping-cum-charging stations across India during the current financial year, with eight facilities currently in operation and seven in development.

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Japanese tier 1 supplier Toyoda Gosei Co’s regional headquarters in China, Toyoda Gosei (China) Investment Co., has inked a partnership agreement for safety standards and technical innovations with CATARC Component Technology (Tianjin) Co., a group company of the China Automotive Technology & Research Center (CATARC).

The agreement focuses on safety standards and technical developments as China Automotive Technology & Research Center formulates vehicle safety regulations and industry standards in China.

As per the understanding, Toyoda Gosei (China) Investment Co., aims to accelerate product development by increasing the deployment of computer-aided engineering technology and creating safety products tailored to local requirements.

The partnership comes amid market shifts in China driven by the adoption of electric vehicles and the entry of new automotive manufacturers. Toyoda Gosei plans to leverage its engineering resources to supply safety components to carmakers operating within the Chinese automotive sector.

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