The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFC), Government of India, has issued a notification on rules for battery waste management in view of the shift to electric vehicles. Anticipating a need to have an organised channel for the safe disposal and recycling of batteries, the rules, called the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, are applicable to the producer, dealer, consumer, entities involved in collection, segregation, transportation, refurbishment and recycling of waste batteries. 

All types of batteries, regardless of their chemistry, shape, volume, weight, material composition and use are covered under the rules. The rules also have a provision for penal action in case of a violation and imposition of environmental compensation. The ministry has also set a minimum recovery percentage target for recovered materials out of dry weight batteries. 

The recovered materials will be then used to produce new batteries. For FY2024-25, the recovery target is set at 70 percent whereas for FY2025-26, it is 80 percent. The target for FY2026-27 is 90 percent. Mentioning that the recovery target may be reviewed by the committee once every four years to revisit the minimum levels of recovered battery materials in light of technical and scientific progress and emerging new technologies in waste management, the notification is expected to contribute towards enhancing each and every EV’s cost to the environment in India. This is especially in connection with the fact that nearly 1.4 million EVs as of July 2022 are said to operate in India if the data shared by the ministry of road transport and highways is relied upon. More than half of this volume is claimed to consist of electric three-wheelers followed by two-wheelers and passenger cars. 

The PLI scheme and other policy changes in terms of manufacture and sale of electric vehicles, it is clear that a strong battery ELV and disposal policy has to be in place. From the cost to the environment point of view, a policy extension in terms of the manufacture of such batteries locally down to the fuel cell level should also taking into view the ability of the battery to perform efficiently through out its lifecycle, thus staying alive for longer and when it does die, it should be recyclable to a great extent. 

Dr Akshay Singhal, Founder and CEO of Log9 Materials, averred. “The newly introduced Battery Waste Management standards by the Government under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) concept addresses two important concerns. An efficient and effective waste management of all Li-Ion batteries that are nearing the end of their useful life and are expected to end up in landfills in a few years, avoiding any residual pollution impact. Second is the emphasis on investing in and nurturing the recycling of such used batteries, reducing the reliance on fresh resource mining.” 

Shubham Vishvakarma, CEO and Chief of Process Engineering of Metastable Materials, said, “The Battery Waste Management Rules announced by the Government of India is an excellent and much-needed step towards bringing to the fore innovations and myriad growth opportunities for the battery waste management and battery treatment space in our country, especially at a time when the ongoing EV boom in India is leading us to increasing concerns on e-waste.” “Under the new Rules notified, the Government has mandated a minimum percentage of recovery of various materials from end-of-life batteries, which is bound to enable the growth of novel business models such as urban mining in order to reduce India’s foreign dependency on procuring raw materials for EV batteries and other types of batteries,” he added. 

Ashok Sudrik, Chief Scientist, Infinite Orbit Research and Development Pvt Ltd, commented, “The Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, were much needed and we are happy that government has started taking cognizance of the hazardous waste being created and the recycling or waste collection. Other than waste management recycling rules, there is a need for manufacturers to incorporate extension of battery life technologies, keep the lithium content minimal and develop innovative cell chemistry. The life of a battery should be 4000 to 6000 cycles, which means a life spane of about 10 to 15 years. BaaS (Battery as a Service) concept with swappable batteries will be a big contributor to the ultimate goal of keeping cost to the environment low.”

In other parts of the world

In Canada, Li-Cycle will begin constructing a USD 175 million plant in Rochester, N.Y., for recycling of lithium-ion batteries. On the grounds of what used to be the Eastman Kodak complex, the plant will be the largest of its kind in North America with an eventual capacity of 25 metric kilotons of input material and a capability to recover 95 percent or more of cobalt, nickel, lithium and other valuable elements through zero-wastewater, zero-emissions process. Ajay Kochhar, Co-founder and CEO, Li-Cycle, said, “We'll be one of the largest domestic sources of nickel and lithium, as well as the only source of cobalt in the United States."  

In May 2022, Hydrovolt, the largest battery recycling plant in Europe started operations in Fredrikstad, Norway. A joint venture between two Norwegian companies – Hydro and Northvolt, the plant has the capacity to process 12,000 tonnes of battery packs per year, enough for the entire end-of-life battery market in Norway currently. Claimed to have the capability to recover 95 percent of the materials used in an EV battery including plastics, copper, aluminum and ‘black mass’, a powder containing various elements inside lithium-ion batteries like nickel, manganese, cobalt and lithium. 

Not just in Europe or US, the rise of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and associated battery gigafactories is pushing forward the creation of a battery recycling value chain. It is a matter of debate whether it got to be a close-loop or an open-loop design in terms of sourcing of batteries to recycle and to put the resulting material to good use so that the cost to the environment is kept minimal. As the demand for use of ‘green’ electricity source gathers pace the world over, on the other end of the spectrum, which involved the end-of-life vehicle for EVs, the demand for recycling in increasing partly due to regulations – the EU regulations have just intensified – and partly by a demand for re-use of materials due to geo-political reasons as well. A strong desire to localise supply chains and safeguard critical raw materials are also the driving factors.  

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Tata Motors, one of the leading commercial vehicle manufacturers, has reached a new innovation peak, filing 144 patent applications in FY2025-26, which it claims is the highest annual count ever recorded by its commercial vehicles (CV) division.

The surge in intellectual property activity reflects the company’s shift toward ‘future-ready’ technologies. Beyond traditional mechanical engineering, the new filings focus heavily on sustainable mobility, including electric vehicle (EV) architectures and hydrogen-based internal combustion engines (H2-ICE).

In addition to the record-breaking patent applications, the company expanded its broader IP footprint, which includes 21 design applications and 35 copyright applications; secured 15 new patent grants during the year and now holds a total of over 650 granted patents.

The engineering teams have focused their innovation efforts on four core pillars: Vehicle Safety – advanced driver assistance and structural integrity, Reliability – enhancing the lifecycle of heavy-duty components, Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) – optimising fuel/energy efficiency to improve profitability for fleet operators. And Occupant Comfort – ergonomic and cabin climate innovations for long-haul drivers.

A significant portion of the recent innovation is tied to Tata Motors' leadership in the hydrogen ecosystem. In February 2026, the company signed an MoU with the V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority to deploy 40 hydrogen-powered heavy-duty trucks (Tata Prima 55-tonne).  

The patent filings support a multi-fuel strategy, encompassing Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Hydrogen ICE, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell technologies, as confirmed by Chairman N Chandrasekaran earlier this month.

Aniruddha Kulkarni, Vice-President and Head of Engineering, Tata Motors, said, “Innovation is at the heart of everything we do at Tata Motors Commercial Vehicles. The record number of patent applications filed in FY26 is a testament to the passion, creativity, and technical excellence of our engineering teams. It reinforces our vision of establishing Tata Motors as a global benchmark for innovation in commercial mobility. As we look ahead, we remain committed to harnessing our innovation capabilities to serve the long-term interests of our customers, communities, and the nation.”

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MathWorks has announced Release 2026a (R2026a) of MATLAB and Simulink, headlined by the introduction of AI-powered ‘copilots’ designed to streamline embedded systems development and software verification.

The release focuses on ‘grounded AI’ – integrating generative AI directly into existing engineering environments to improve productivity without compromising the rigour and traceability required for complex systems.

MathWorks is expanding its AI ecosystem by embedding assistants into specific development stages. The Simulink Copilot is for model-based design, it provides context-aware guidance by generating model explanations, answering behaviour-related questions and helping users navigate complex subsystems.

Polyspace Copilot assists in interpreting static analysis results. It helps engineers understand coding vulnerabilities and suggests remedies based on Polyspace analysis findings.

MATLAB Copilot now integrated into MATLAB Test to help engineers generate starter tests and equivalence tests from command history.

Beyond AI assistants, R2026a introduces new products and workflows for software quality:

Polyspace as You Code: A new tool for C and C++ developers that identifies defects and security vulnerabilities in real-time as code is written.

Polyspace Enhancements: Includes a new unified desktop application and ‘software-sanitising’ capabilities in Polyspace Test for dynamic analysis of runtime errors.

Simulink FMU Builder: A new standalone product that creates Functional Mockup Units (FMUs) to facilitate model exchange and integration across different simulation environments.

Avinash Nehemiah, Head of Product Management, MathWorks, said, “In engineering design and software verification, productivity improvements cannot come at the expense of rigor, traceability, or trust. MathWorks is committed to delivering grounded AI tools that help teams move faster while preserving the discipline required to develop complex engineered systems.”

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Battery Smart (Upgrid Solutions) has raised USD 15 million in debt funding from Mirova, a sustainable investment affiliate of Natixis Investment Managers.

The facility is intended to accelerate the expansion of the company’s Battery-as-a-Service (BaaS) infrastructure across India. The capital will specifically support the growth of partner-led swap stations in urban and semi-urban markets, enhancing service for high-usage segments such as last-mile delivery and passenger mobility.

Since launching its first station in New Delhi in 2020, Battery Smart has developed one of India's largest battery-swapping networks. It has setup more than 1,600 stations across 50 cities, wherein EV drivers can swap a depleted battery for a fully charged one in approximately two minutes, significantly reducing the downtime associated with traditional plug-in charging. By separating battery costs from vehicle ownership, the model reduces upfront vehicle purchase prices and improves daily earnings for gig economy drivers.

This transaction marks Mirova’s third investment in the Indian market, following previous commitments to companies like Revfin. The investment is part of Mirova's broader strategy to support high-impact climate solutions in emerging economies.

Pulkit Khurana, Founder and CEO, Battery Smart, said, “This financing marks an important step for us as we continue to scale our battery-as-a-service network across India. With Mirova’s support, we aim to accelerate network expansion and further our focus on making electric mobility more accessible, affordable, and inclusive for drivers across the country.”

Priyanka Mehrotra, Investment Director, Mirova, added, “This transaction marks our third investment in India, thus reflecting continued commitment to supporting high-impact climate solutions in emerging markets. We are pleased to support the next phase of Battery Smart’s growth, rooted in a scalable and operationally efficient model that addresses both environmental and economic challenges, particularly in last-mile mobility.”

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China-headquartered PATEO Connect Technology has announced two major strategic partnerships – AUMOVIO and NVIDIA – during the Beijing International Automotive Exhibition, focusing on the global expansion of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and high-performance computing in the automotive sector.

The leading Chinese provider of intelligent vehicle connectivity solutions, specialising in AI-enabled, cloud-based infotainment, Operating Systems (PATEO OS) and hardware for automakers

PATEO entered into a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with AUMOVIO Holding China Co. The parties intend to jointly develop cross-domain integration and AGI technologies. The agreement focuses on leveraging high-computing SoC platforms and integrated cockpit-driving domain controllers for R&D. It will utilise global supply chains, OEM resources and manufacturing capabilities. Promoting Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV) domain control and AGI automotive application projects.

The partnership aims to establish a ‘channel + product’ alliance, combining joint investment with technology collaboration to address future market demands for intelligent mobility.

PATEO also confirmed deep collaborations with NVIDIA and a leading New Energy Vehicle (NEV) OEM. To address the demand for computing power in Level 3 and Level 4 autonomous driving, PATEO is developing on-vehicle solutions powered by the NVIDIA DRIVE AGX Thor platform.

As per the understanding, the partnership will implement PATEO’s AI Box on the NVIDIA platform to support vehicle-side deployment of next-generation models. PATEO has received a nomination for a model project representing an integrated ‘software and hardware’ solution. The project marks a commercial application coupling ByteDance's general large model with PATEO’s edge model.

PATEO and its partners have initiated deployment for vehicle-side scenarios, including physical AI, AI agents, and AI emotional agents. The company is also exploring business models such as computing power charging and vehicle-mounted tokens billing.

As automotive intelligence shifts toward being ‘AI-defined,’ PATEO said it continues to execute its ‘AI + Globalisation’ strategy, transitioning large-scale models from verification to mass production.

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