Q: India is the first country outside of Europe where you are operating. Why this entry?

Jha: The Indian market is different from the Nordic and European markets, and it is the first country outside Europe, where Fortum entered the electric vehicle charging space in 2017. We have integrated a couple of Indian chargers into our system and this enables us to deploy ‘Made in India’ chargers to our network. This will give our customers the freedom to choose the chargers, their availability, price and other benefits.

Fortum established its first charging station in New Delhi in 2017. Its services in India include owning charging infrastructure, operating other’s charging infrastructure network using Fortum’s own cloud-based charging system and selling Fortum’s proven off-the-shelf cloud system to other operators to manage charging infrastructure in the B2B segment. 

Q: How do you see and predict the EV market in India?

Jha:  India will benefit from the global growth of EV technologies and can reach a maturity stage faster than in other countries. As Tesla did for the US market, start-ups in India are poised to promote the adoption of EVs. Free from any legacy baggage, they are able to offer pure electric vehicles as is evident on the road, particularly in the two and three-wheeler sector. Traditional OEMs also are trying to hold on to their market share. Hyundai has taken the lead by introducing Kona. The electric version of Maruti cars can be seen on the road though in test mode. More than ten models of electric vehicles are slated for launch in the next 12-18 months. Tata Motors has announced plans to introduce more models of the electric variant. Mahindra promises to launch KUV 100 and SUV 300 with the electric powertrain. With India poised to become the third-largest auto market in the world, none of the players would like to miss this great opportunity.

With more and more renewable energy being fed into the grid, the use of EVs will provide the flexible load to balance the system. 

Q: What are the fundamental differences between India and Europe in terms of vehicle requirements and charging infrastructure?

Jha: India and Europe share a common requirement in the automobile space. India generally follows the European automotive emission norms as Euro 6. Europe started the EV journey with high voltage system cars like Nissan Leaf, which warrants a different set of chargers to offer good customer experience. Starting from 50kW DC chargers, Europe has moved to high power charging capacity of 350kW in DC mode which brings down the charging time to about 10 minutes for a 150-200km range. On the AC side in public charging, it has a network of 22kW chargers which offer semi-fast charging to most of the vehicles. The 3.3 kW AC chargers are generally deployed at home and parking places.

India, on the other hand, has a different vehicle composition. Most of its EVs are two and three-wheelers which have a different kind of charging need. They are currently dominated by lead-acid batteries. In the four-wheeler passenger car segment also, India started with a unique product. The available cars are on low voltage battery system, which requires a different set of chargers – 15/20 kW power in DC mode. They need longer charging time than their counterparts in Europe where a car with almost double the size of battery can get charged in nearly half the charging time than in India. Now, a few OEMs have started selling high voltage system cars which would require 50kW charging infrastructure. 

Another significant difference between Europe and India is the need for public charging. Most of the European countries have single-family low-rise homes with garage whereas Indian cities like Delhi have mostly unorganised street parking. This fundamentally alters the need of charging infrastructure in India. While in Europe home charging would be dominating, India will need public charging as the dominant mode.

Q: Charging infrastructure and time is probably the biggest hindrance in the adaptation of EVs in India? How do you find opportunities in this area?

Jha: Three major interdependent stakeholders influence the evolvement of EVs in any country. They are: automobile manufacturers, battery manufacturers, and charging infrastructure providers. Given the limited use of e-vehicles in India now, the infrastructure for the same is also at a very nascent stage. The lack of sufficient infrastructure could be the most common reason for the range concern that directly affects the consumer behaviour and potential of EV sales in India. However, from the operators’ point of view, it is difficult to invest in charging infrastructure without an existing demand for charging services.

India will need ubiquitous public charging networks. India needs millions of charging points once all cars sales happen on the electric platform. This offers huge opportunity for both the private and the public sectors. However, considering the space constraint and inadequate electricity infrastructure, setting up such a massive network of public charging will be a demanding task. Government support will be required in making locations available for this purpose if we have to roll out a good network of charging stations. 

For EVs to be acceptable, consumers have to be assured of the availability of charging stations like fuel stations for ICE vehicles. A robust charging station network would give them confidence, and that would work as a pull effect on OEMs. 

Q: India is a vast country. How are you going to identify and target the regions or pockets where EV adaptation will be faster?

Jha: As it happens with any new technological product, initially EV will be adopted by innovators or early adopters. We expect that these vehicles will be adopted mostly in cities with the highest per capita income. We operate now in five cities: Delhi-NCR, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad. We have 66 DC public charging points. Since the launch of our DC fast-charging stations in Hyderabad, we have seen positive adoption of electric vehicles by customers. We have more than 900 registered users, and more than 1500 customers have downloaded our mobile app. These are smart chargers which are unmanned and give freedom to the consumer to charge their vehicles at the location of their choice, and at their convenience.

Q: Do you think public utility places would play a more prominent role in increasing the number of EV charging stations? Could you highlight Fortum India’s partnership with Indian Oil?

Jha: We provide our bit in creating reliable and smart charging infrastructure. Our first DC fast public charging station in Hyderabad came up at IOC COCO retail outlet at Begumpet. We are operating 16 charging points at eight retail outlets of IOC in Hyderabad. We demonstrated our capability of operating smart chargers by unveiling the charging of Mahindra e2oplus remotely from Hotel ITC Kakatiya, Hyderabad, using Fortum Charge & Drive Mobile App.

Q: How many EV charging stations has Fortum India set up so far, and what is the immediate target?

Jha: Fortum has made 66 DC Fast charging points operational in Delhi-NCR, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Ahmedabad. Fortum Charge & Drive also offers a cloud solution to EV charging service providers and infrastructure investors.

Recently, we have established India’s first public charging network of 50 kW DC chargers at dealership locations of MG Motors. Any car owner can access these stations if the car is compatible with CCS/CHAdeMO standards. We are continuously evaluating opportunities across the country.

Q: How do you see the role of the stakeholders such as charging station infrastructure manufacturers, energy companies and operators in the growth of EV adoption?

Jha: Each stakeholder has a role to play in EV adoption in India. It is important to note that it is the vehicle and its battery system which determines the charging infrastructure need, not otherwise. The charging standards or capacity of chargers or time of charging, and everything is dependent on the design of the battery and its management system adopted by the OEMs. Charging manufacturers and operators follow the demand. In charging ecosystem, manufacturer caters to the supply side by offering his product which can be put to use by charge point operators at strategic locations. Energy distribution companies also have a critical role to play. EV charging, particularly public charging in DC mode, requires high capacity which might need augmentation of electricity infrastructure. Energy to Charge Point Operators (CPOs) should be provided at a reasonable price so that end-consumers can charge their vehicles at affordable prices. Efforts of all these stakeholders have to get aligned.

Q: What have been the ground-level challenges for Fortum India?

Jha: Access to a suitable location and electricity supply is a major challenge. The number of EVs initially will be less, so also the business for the Charge Point Operators. It will be more challenging if CPOs have to pay rent for the space or bear any upfront cost on electricity infrastructure. So it is expected that these two parts would be taken care of by the government or partners to make EVs affordable for the customers.

Q: Being in the EV charging station space, what do you expect from the government?

Jha: For the manufacture of EVs and the growth of the industry, the government introduced the FAME scheme. It would also support the manufacturing of advanced batteries which will accelerate the adoption of EVs by bringing down the cost of the battery. Tax reduction is a significant boost for the consumer as it would push the EV price to inch towards ICE vehicle price. 

Creating a robust and smart charging network should be the focus. Although through FAME-II the government has called for proposals on the setting up of 1000 electric vehicle charging stations in the country, this is not enough. Consumers would like to have charging points at their preferred locations, time, and price to avoid range anxiety. This requires a robust, ubiquitous, and friendly charging network of stations. As charging takes more time than gasoline refuelling, the consumer would like to find a charging station in an exciting place where he would feel happy to spend time while the vehicle gets charged.

We have to add lakhs of charging points year after year if in future all vehicles sold are electric. This would require access to space, which is scarce, particularly in urban areas. Augmented electricity infrastructure would be needed at the local network level even though at the national level this will not be significant. So if the government finds some ways to offer space and upgrades electricity connections on the plug-and-play mode to CPOs it will give a boost to the creation of charging infrastructure. 

EV charging would be a different proposition. Unlike oil and CNG, this has interdependency of battery and electricity. Appropriate communication is needed between battery and charger, and charge and grid, to ensure safety and reliability to the vehicle and grid. This necessitates that charging infrastructure must be smart. This would also warrant a smart grid. What is needed is a greater and urgent push towards upgradation and strengthening of both electricity and charging infrastructure. (MT)

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Affordable Robotic and Automation (ARAPL), India’s first listed robotics company, has announced a significant global expansion milestone: its subsidiary, ARAPL RaaS (Humro), has secured its first international order for the newly developed Atlas AC2000 autonomous forklift – a mobile truck loading and unloading robot.

The order, the company shared, was placed by a large US-based logistics player following comprehensive and successful prototype trials over the last three months at the client’s facilities. The initial order comprises two Atlas AC2000 robots, valued at INR 36 million, and leased for a period of three years.

This initial win is strategically crucial, as it offers Humro a unique opportunity to scale deployment substantially. The client owns 15 warehouses across the US, with a potential to deploy around 15–16 mobile robots in each warehouse over the next two years.

Milind Padole, Founder & Managing Director, ARAPL, said, “Considering the scale and competition in the US market, we are thrilled to announce the success of our product with an established logistics player. This order, following stringent approvals and successful prototype performance, not only opens new doors for us but also is a step towards positioning Make In India mobile robots prominently in the global warehouse robotics sector – otherwise dominated by large US and Chinese players.”

The Atlas AC2000 forklift is a sophisticated machine equipped with LiDAR-based navigation, real-time obstacle detection and precision control algorithms, allowing for safe, 24x7 autonomous truck loading and unloading operations. Humro, which specialises in Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs), leverages ARAPL’s proprietary i-ware controller and employs AI, navigation and swarm robotics to deliver its solutions.

To fuel its global vision and growth, ARAPL has proposed a USD 8–10 million investment into Humro, including USD 3 million personally committed by Padole, alongside preferential allotments and debt financing. Despite announcing a 10 percent price adjustment from December 2025 to reflect new US tariffs, Humro emphasised that its products will remain 15–20 percent more cost-effective than competitors.

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L&T Technology Services (LTTS), a leading player in AI, Digital & ER&D Consulting Services, has bagged a multi-year agreement valued at USD 100 million from a US-based industrial equipment manufacturer catering to the semiconductor value chain.

As per the understanding, LTTS will support the clients’ initiatives across new product development, sustenance engineering, value engineering and platform automation by leveraging its expertise in AI, computer vision and next-gen automation technologies. Furthermore, LTTS will also set-up a Centre of Excellence (CoE) to support the client in accelerating innovation, simplifying platforms, application engineering and transitioning towards a more digital and AI-enabled future.

Amit Chadha, CEO & Managing Director, L&T Technology Services, said, “We deeply value the trust and confidence our client has placed in us and are committed to further strengthening this relationship as we move ahead with this transformational program. This engagement underscores LTTS’ expertise in leveraging AI-driven innovation to address complex engineering challenges in high-growth industries. By harnessing our capabilities in AI, automation and product engineering, we are empowering our client to further expand their market share and stay ahead of the curve.”

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The road to decarbonisation for the commercial vehicle sector is proving to be a complex and challenging journey, with experts highlighting that a straightforward ‘combustion engine ban’ for lorries and other commercial vehicles is far more difficult to implement than for passenger cars.

Following the European Union’s strict CO2 fleet regulations for passenger vehicles, which effectively introduce a ban on combustion engines, stringent greenhouse gas limits are also being rolled out for commercial vehicles.

Experts at the International Vienna Motor Symposium stressed that the industry is racing to develop a wide array of solutions to match the huge diversity of vehicles on the road – from long-distance trucks and small delivery vans to construction and agricultural machinery.

Prof. Bernhard Geringer, Chairman of the International Vienna Motor Symposium, noted that the entire commercial vehicle industry is working on a wide range of solutions needed to match the diversity of vehicle types on the road in view of the developments expected in 2026.

The legislative pressure is intense. Tobias Stoll, a project manager at the Research Institute for Automotive Engineering and Vehicle Engines Stuttgart (FKFS), pointed out that EU legislation stipulates ‘a 45 percent reduction in CO2 emissions by 2030 compared to 2019,’ with manufacturers facing heavy financial penalties for non-compliance.

This has set the industry's course, with Frederik Zohm (pictured above), Chief Technology Officer at MAN Trucks & Bus, expecting ‘major transformations in the commercial vehicle sector by 2030.’

Egon Christ, Chief Strategist at transport and logistics service provider Mosolf, commented: ‘The course has been set.’

However, the existing transport model, especially for long-haul journeys, is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. A typical diesel lorry has a service life of 1.5 million kilometres, often covering up to 200,000 kilometres annually.

Ten years ago, EU forecasts anticipated a dominant role for hydrogen and a minor one for battery-electric trucks. The reality has turned out to be ‘exactly the opposite,’ according to Nils-Erik Meyer, a division manager at Akkodis Germany.

Today, there are only around 10 fuel-cell truck models in the EU, compared to over 40 battery-electric models.

While battery-electric vehicles are currently the most technologically advanced, their widespread use hinges on a massive overhaul of charging infrastructure.

Oliver Hrazdera, site manager at Akkodis Austria, calculated: “For trucks with an electric range of 500 kilometres, the EU needs 2,000 charging points with 650 or 1,000 kilowatts of charging power.”

Batteries, payload and hydrogen’s setbacks

Freight companies prioritise fast turnarounds, which necessitates rapid charging. Dorothea Liebig, a manager at Shell Global Solutions Germany, explained that the maximum charging capacity for trucks ‘is up to eight times higher than for cars.’ She also highlighted the alternative of battery swapping, particularly prevalent in China, where it is ‘fully automated and takes just seven minutes’ at the over 1,200 existing battery replacement stations for trucks.

For many journeys, electric trucks are already viable. Meyer from Akkodis calculated that with a mandatory driver break and recharging, a truck could cover ‘around 630 kilometres are possible in one shift. This covers 90 percent of all journeys.’

However, a key disadvantage of battery-electric lorries is the impact on payload, which is reduced by ‘three to six tonnes for the drive system, mainly due to the batteries,’ according to Meyer. By contrast, hydrogen fuel cells only reduce the payload by one tonne.

Despite this advantage, enthusiasm for fuel cells has cooled in Europe. Markus Heyn, Managing Director of Robert Bosch and Chairman of Bosch Mobility, reported that in Europe and the US, a major hurdle has been the substantial cooling requirements for fuel cells, which need ‘two to two and a half times more cooling surface area than diesel trucks,’.

According to Rolf Dobereiner, product line manager at AVL List. This increased requirement consumes up to 40 kilowatts, reducing driving performance and creating challenges for achieving the high-power outputs needed for heavy-duty haulage.

An unexpected dark horse has emerged: the hydrogen combustion engine. This technology offers compelling benefits, as it doesn't require the costly, high-purity hydrogen needed for fuel cells.

Christian Barba, Senior Manager at Daimler Truck, noted that it saves costs ‘as 80 percent of the parts of a diesel engine can be reused.’

Moreover, Anton Arnberger, Senior Product Manager at AVL List, reported that it ‘is the only zero-emission technology that does not require the use of rare earths.’

The hydrogen engine ‘could achieve the torque and power of a gas or diesel engine,’ said Lei Liu, a manager at Cummins in Beijing. Cummins is testing these vehicles in India, where they are seen as a main pillar for transport decarbonisation, given the lack of a comprehensive power grid required for electric trucks.

Developers are also looking at alternatives to gaseous hydrogen. The trend in Europe is moving towards liquid hydrogen, which allows for longer ranges and is cheaper to store.

Furthermore, Yuan Shen, Chief Developer at Zhejiang Geely Holding in China, proposed methanol as ‘the best carrier of hydrogen,’ as it is a liquid fuel that is easy and safer to store and transport.

Shipping, special vehicles and hybridisation

Decarbonisation is equally challenging on the high seas. Andreas Wimmer, a professor at Graz University of Technology, reported that engines for the 100,000 ocean-going vessels in service today have a life span of over 25 years and cost hundreds of millions of euros.

By 2050, these giants must also be CO2-free. While the combustion engine will remain, fossil heavy fuel oil must be replaced by ammonia (considered an ‘up-and-comer’), methanol or limited-quantity biofuel.

The special vehicle sector – such as construction and agricultural machinery – presents one of the toughest challenges. Stefan Loser, department head at MAN Truck & Bus, noted that a forage harvester would need ‘36 tonnes of batteries to run purely on electricity,’ which is impractical. For such machines, which are used intensively for short periods, hydrogen fuel cells or combustion engines running on synthetic fuels will be essential.

Finally, in the USA, where the decarbonisation of transport is ‘less aggressive than in Europe,’ according to Chris Bitsis, head of development at the Southwest Research Institute, hybridisation (the combination of combustion engines and electric drives) is seen as a key strategy to maintain everyday usability while significantly reducing consumption and emissions.

Summing up the current situation, Prof. Bernhard Geringer concluded that battery-electric drives in commercial vehicles are currently only realistic for distances of up to 500 km and with sufficient fast-charging options. He stressed that the special vehicle sector is particularly difficult, which is where ‘hydrogen fuel cell drives or combustion engines with synthetic fuels come into play.’

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Delhi-NCR-headquartered electric vehicle company Omega Seiki Mobility (OSM) has launched Swayamgati, which it claims to be the world’s first production-ready autonomous electric three-wheeler. Now available for commercial deployment, the passenger version is priced at INR 400,000, positioning it as a breakthrough in delivering affordable autonomy for urban India.

The Swayamgati integrates OSM's electric vehicle platform with an AI-driven retrofit autonomy system. This technology, the company shared, offers seamless and intelligent transport, ideal for short-distance use cases within airports, smart campuses, industrial parks, gated communities and dense urban environments. The vehicle operates based on prior mapping, which is customised to a client's specific route or distance requirements.

The launch capitalises on the rapidly growing global Autonomous Electric Vehicle (AEV) market, which a 2025 McKinsey report suggests will surpass USD 620 billion by 2030. In India, where urban congestion is a pressing issue, AEVs offer a unique opportunity to deliver safe, efficient and cost-effective mobility in structured settings.

Uday Narang, Founder & Chairman, Omega Seiki Mobility, said, “The launch of Swayamgati is not just a product introduction – it’s a bold step into the future of Indian transportation. Autonomous vehicles are no longer a futuristic concept; they are a present-day necessity for nations seeking sustainable and scalable mobility. With Swayamgati, we are showing that India doesn’t need to follow global trends – we can lead them. This vehicle proves that cutting-edge tech like AI, LiDAR and autonomous navigation can be made in India, for India, and at a price point that makes it truly accessible. We are building technology that serves people – not just headlines.”

The vehicle has successfully completed Phase 1 testing, which involved navigating a 3km autonomous route with real-time obstacle detection and safe passenger movement, all without human intervention. The commercial rollout in controlled environments now begins with Phase 2.

The Swayamgati is purpose-built to handle the unique challenges of Indian roads and high-density, low-speed traffic. Being 100 percent electric, it contributes to zero tailpipe emissions while significantly reducing operational costs. Crucially, its affordability ensures this cutting-edge technology is accessible beyond just luxury fleets.

Vivek Dhawan, Chief Strategy Officer, Omega Seiki Mobility, said, “Swayamgati is a result of deep R&D and a clear vision: to democratise autonomy. Our autonomous electric three-wheeler enables us to leapfrog traditional EV barriers and bring intelligent systems into everyday mobility. Autonomous EVs will redefine how India moves in cities, campuses, and industrial zones – and we are proud to be at the forefront of that transformation.”

At present, OSM has set-up strong manufacturing facilities in Faridabad and Chakan (Pune). This is complemented by a growing network of over 200 dealerships and service centres across India.

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