Tesla may not be the only game-changer in the electric vehicle space anymore. We see many other manufacturers taking huge leaps in the sector, even in India – what with Tata Motors and its Nexon EV ruling a majority of the EV space, or Mahindra, who announced that a fully electric version of its popular XUV300 SUV will be launched in the second half of next year. 

Just like the global automotive market, the Indian automotive market is also going through a transition, and India is just at the beginning of this transition. We currently see electric two- and three-wheelers having great acceptance, which we will eventually see happening in the light vehicle market as well. As for four-wheelers, we are at the start of this transition. In that sense, both the passenger vehicle and small and light commercial vehicle segments will experience electrification eventually. However, the rate at which this happens will be slightly slower as compared to two- and three-wheelers because 80 percent of our market is A and B segment. 

In terms of two- and three-wheelers, the upfront cost, which has been a big hurdle for EV acceptance, has been taken care of by several government subsidies and the special GST rate that they get. Moreover, the government also supports in terms of direct consumer incentive provided to the customers/buyers. 

Another factor that is, in fact, proving to be of help is the rising price of fuel, Suraj Ghosh, Director – Powertrain research and analysis, S&P Global Mobility, tells us. “As the prices of fuel rise, customers are looking for cheaper alternatives. But we must remember that unless the upfront cost has been taken care of, the acceptance of EVs might still be difficult,” he says. 

The challenges
From the supply side, the supply chain for batteries is still not very smooth. Therefore, sourcing batteries that are of good quality is a big challenge for the EV ecosystem right now. “We don’t have the raw material needed for manufacturing EV batteries or cells. The cell production capacity is not available locally and so, it has to be sourced from countries like China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan etc., making us dependent in that sense,” Ghosh informs. 

As for the manufacturers (again, from the supply side), there isn’t much clarity on long-term policies. Right now, the FAME scheme supports EV promotion. However, it has an expiry year of 2024. That raises the question of what happens after that. Will there be a new FAME scheme? Or will the government continue to support the EV ecosystem like it is now? Hence, due to the lack of such clarity, manufacturers are being slightly cautious and are hesitant when it comes to investments in EV manufacturing setups, Ghosh says. 

Currently, the lithium-ion batteries used in EVs have different battery chemistries and certain raw materials involved. “Forming collaborations, joint ventures and technological partnerships with companies that work in the upstream segment of mining operations of those raw materials can play a very key part in India’s future of electrification,” Ghosh asserts. He adds, “In fact, Indian OEMs can form a sort of consortium and collectively bargain for raw materials or other key components that go into EVs. This can turn out to be a good initiative by Indian OEMs.” 

Ghosh further informs that from the demand side, there are not many consumers in India who would happily pay premium for a vehicle just because it’s electric – this isn’t something that will happen overnight. Another challenge that comes to light is parity – in terms of price, convenience and range.

The consumer
Ghosh also believes that the upcoming battery electric vehicles in India are being made keeping a price-conscious customer in mind. He further explains, “When we say EVs, we always talk about range. We cannot have a huge battery pack in our car, because then that would increase the cost. And an increase in cost results in isolating a huge segment of the market that can’t afford that car. Therefore, we have to strike a balance between the range and price of the car, where it becomes affordable and satisfactory in terms of the range. Therefore, this is something that OEMs are keeping in mind for their battery electric vehicles.”

The hybrid strategy

So far, all the OEMs in India have been following a wait-and-watch policy – they do not want to commit to any major investment decisions. If the OEMs have the above-mentioned clarity, we will naturally see more investments being made in EVs. “Right now, some OEMs are gradually introducing EVs but not going all in,” Ghosh cites and adds, “The all-in push from OEMs may not happen at least for the mid-term but perhaps towards the later part of this decade.” 

The strategy for electrifying powertrains is basically an effect of how strict or strong the country’s CO2 regulation is. The CO2 regulation in India is called Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) norm. “The second phase started in April this year, and while this norm does demand the electrification of powertrains, it does not mandate OEMs to have pure EVs in their fleet,” Ghosh shares and continues, “OEMs can comply with these norms by having just hybrid vehicles or having a mix of diesel or CNG in their fleet. In that sense, the regulatory situation is not strict enough to trigger any kind of pure EV adoption – however, hybrids are promoted at the same time. Hybrids are a cheaper method of complying with these CO2 norms and they will be a good strategy for most OEMs. We think that the Toyota and Suzuki joint venture hybrids will be hitting the market very soon – probably later this year or early next year, as we have the second phase of CAFE already in place. However, the hybrid strategy won’t be adopted by every OEM; it will be OEM-specific.” 

“The CO2 compliance can be achieved without EVs and just hybrids,” Ghosh further tells us. In truth, if an OEM can reduce its CO2 footprint, using any technology is up to that respective OEM. The regulation should be technology-neutral, but the push for EVs from the government is so high that some OEMs are forced to take the leap into EVs, skipping the hybrid phase, even if the regulation doesn’t ask for it.  

Hybrid powertrains by Japanese OEMs
Japanese automotive companies, too, like Toyota and Honda, are introducing Indian buyers to hybrid powertrains, and Ghosh is of the opinion that this is a positive move due to the CO2 regulatory framework point of view. He avers, “As the CO2 regulations get more strict from this year, OEMs have to introduce fuel-efficient powertrains into the market. The Japanese OEMs can’t launch EVs directly because their EV products could be too expensive for the Indian market. Hence, the hybrid technology seems like a good fit at the moment. That’s because it’s not very costly, the technology isn’t very complicated, and moreover, it helps in CAFE compliance.” 

Toyota, Ford and India
Japanese companies like Toyota clearly have a set vision on the place hybrid powertrains make for themselves in India. Also, while Toyota is looking to manufacture EV parts in India, Ford, on the other hand, has chosen not to manufacture electric vehicles in India. The reason for Toyota's move is because it has plans to make India a manufacturing hub for electric vehicle parts to meet demand locally as well as for export to Japan and some ASEAN countries. As for Ford, the company said it was working on the business restructuring and continues to explore possible alternatives for its manufacturing facilities. These are two extremely contradicting steps at the same time from two multinational automotive companies for India. 

Sharing his views, Ghosh says, “Ford’s decision was a strategic decision to close down its sales operations in India, given they were not doing well in the country and were not profitable here. They did not capture any of the segments, unlike Toyota, which is very strong in its Innova and Fortuner segment. Toyota has been almost unshaken in its turf for the last 10 to 15 years.” 

He further shares that the two companies – Ford and Toyota – are, in fact, not really at two extreme ends. “Where Toyota has plans to make India a manufacturing hub for electric vehicle parts to meet demand locally as well as for export to Japan and some ASEAN countries, its strategy is about efficient capacity utilisation of the Indian facilities, ” Ghosh says. He continues, “As for Ford, they did not see enough potential in the Indian market and hence, believed that it was better to exit and instead focus on other core markets. Ford now has some plans for EVs that are very North American or European-oriented. Thus, these plans do not suit the Indian environment. So, I don’t think their exit affects the Indian ecosystem in any way. Toyota already exports a lot of ICE technology components from India to ASEAN countries, South America etc. using the Indian facility as an export hub. So now, they are introducing more components to their already existing basket of exports.” 

Making a strong domestic demand
From Japan’s involvement in India’s hybrid powertrains to several Indian EV leaders making strides in the sector, do we see India turning into a manufacturing hub for electric powertrain vehicles in the future? “Looking at China right now, India is too small to be compared with them from the perspective of scale of EV operations,” Ghosh responds. He further states that we have to build a scale comparable to China, and for that, there has to be a very strong domestic demand first. “We cannot supply to the world unless we supply to India,” he says. “Additionally, the Indian OEMs have to make sure that the domestic demand does not go to anybody else. In this case, the manufacturers in India will have the confidence to spread out geographically and sell to the other markets. However, for all of this to become a strong reality, the degree of investment required is not there yet. There must be investments in R&D capabilities, sales and manufacturing setups, charging infrastructure facilities, along with strong support from the government. The government has announced some PLI schemes and policies, which, if implemented, will make things start moving a little faster. There are some OEMs that are very aggressive, like Tata Motors. But despite that, the volume or numbers we have in mind is miniscule as compared to where the Chinese market stands,” Ghosh shares. 

If there’s a demand, there’s a market
Environmental concern is a real thing and electric vehicles are better for the environment. In spite of the future being an electric one, there is a strong demand for diesel vehicles in the luxury car market. This is perhaps because there's still a lot of time before India turns completely electric.

Companies, like Mercedes, for example, still provide diesel and petrol powertrain car models. However, selling diesel cars is not a problem at all if there is a market for it and if those cars comply with market regulations, Ghosh opines. Also, the sale of diesel cars is not limited to the luxury segment; some segments have a natural demand for diesel cars – for example, the taxi segment, small commercial vehicles or small trucks. “Therefore, irrespective of the segment, there are diesel cars in the market and they will exist so till at least 2027 or 2028, when BSVI ends and the next regulation comes in,” Ghosh informs. 

The EV battery supply chain race
Ghosh further highlights that electric cars are always priced at a premium and manufacturers themselves have a constraint on the production. “That’s because the battery supply chain comes into the picture,” he adds. “Around 20 million two-wheelers are sold in India annually. If we decide to replace all these 20 million two-wheelers with electric two-wheelers, then the manufacturers will not be able to produce that much as they do not have control over the battery supply. The battery supply is highly constrained at the moment. So, all the manufacturers are in a race to acquire key elements in the EV battery supply chain.” Giving an example, Ghosh adds, “For instance, automakers like Tesla and VW are looking for partners in the mining sector as they want to have more control on the supply chain of EV batteries.” 

Taking it at a gradual pace
Hence, the race is not about making a vehicle and selling it, but has gone beyond that. While everyone wants to sell an electric vehicle, we must ask, “do we have the batteries to manufacture them?” Moreover, once EVs become mainstream, all the facilities, manufacturing setups, the human resources directly involved with the auto industry and indirectly involved (like the service, insurance, workshop industry etc.) will need to adapt. “Therefore, looking at it holistically, a gradual pace works best, especially for an emerging economy like India,” Ghosh asserts.  

A green future
As we look at a future of powertrain and electrification, India certainly has a potential to be a hub for electric powertrain vehicles. It’s true that as we look at electrification as the future of India’s transport, the challenges haven’t stepped aside. But these are nothing that can’t be solved. With the right clarity on where the electric vehicle market in India is heading, strong localisation and the correct investments, electrification can be a boon for India like never before. Where we see several auto companies making strides in the sector, from Hyundai Motor Co working on developing a small electric car for India to ElectricPe (a new energy infra start-up) forming a strategic alliance with Hero Electric to set up an extensive EV charging infrastructure in the country, Indian transportation looks nothing but green. (MT)

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German luxury automotive brand BMW Group India has cemented its leadership in the luxury electric vehicle (EV) market by becoming the first in the segment to deliver over 5,000 EVs in the country. To mark this significant milestone, the company has inaugurated a new high-power charging corridor spanning 4,000 kilometres from North to South, offering charging access to all EV brands.

The new corridor features charging stations every 300 kilometres, effectively linking major cities and highways from Jammu to Madurai. The route covers key locations including Delhi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru and Chennai, aiming to eliminate range anxiety for EV drivers.

Vikram Pawah, President and CEO, BMW Group India, said, “BMW Group India is immensely proud to become the first luxury carmaker to cross the remarkable milestone of 5,000 electric vehicle deliveries. This achievement is not just a number, it represents our unwavering commitment to e-mobility and pioneering spirit in the premium EV landscape. At BMW, luxury and performance is delivered seamlessly with sustainability, and our electric products embody this philosophy. In this journey, we will continue to delight our customers with the most electrifying products and services that provide complete peace of mind. To mark this milestone, we are happy to introduce our high-power charging corridor. Across the length of the nation, from Jammu to Madurai, EV customers can now just sit back and enjoy Sheer Driving Pleasure without a second thought.”

In a move to encourage broader EV adoption, BMW Group India has made these new charging stations accessible to all EV owners, regardless of their vehicle's brand. The stations, with capacities ranging from 120kW to an impressive 720kW, are a part of a larger network of over 6,000 charging points across the country, accessible via the myBMW app. The company is collaborating with charging operators like Statiq and Zeon to manage these new stations.

The sales milestone has been attained by the company’s expansive portfolio of EVs compromising the flagship BMW i7 to the popular BMW iX1 Long Wheelbase, which was the highest-selling BMW EV in the first half of 2025.

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Chennai-headquartered two-wheeler and three-wheeler major TVS Motor Company has launched a new electric three-wheeler, the ‘TVS King Kargo HD EV’ at INR 385,000 (ex-showroom Delhi), which it believes will transform urban and semi-urban logistics. The EV is engineered for performance, durability and connectivity in the last-mile delivery sector.

The King Kargo HD EV is designed to improve safety and comfort for operators. It features several segment-first innovations, including LED headlamps and tail lamps for better visibility and a spacious cabin with fully rolling windows. For enhanced performance, it has a dedicated Power Gear Mode that provides higher torque when carrying heavy loads.

The new three-wheeler is also India's first Bluetooth-enabled cargo three-wheeler. It comes equipped with TVS SmartXonnect, offering 26 smart features, along with twin-axis rear-view mirrors for safer navigation through congested city streets. The vehicle’s connected features are managed through TVS Connect Fleet, a web-based platform that gives fleet operators real-time tracking, remote control and advanced analytics for efficient fleet management.

Rajat Gupta, Business Head of Commercial Mobility at TVS Motor Company, said, “The launch of the TVS King Kargo HD represents a transformative moment in the evolution of cargo mobility, aligned to our ‘Re-Imagine 2030’ vision. This three-wheeler will set new benchmarks by delivering an unmatched combination of smart features, high load capability, comfort, ergonomics and safety. Coupled with the TVS Connect Fleet, the vehicle will empower businesses and also improve the everyday life of operators. With the TVS King Kargo HD EV, we are confident of redefining customer expectations and enabling them to achieve more, every day, effortlessly.”

In its initial phase, the TVS King Kargo HD EV will be available in key markets, including Delhi-NCR, Rajasthan and Bengaluru. The company also showcased a CNG variant, which is scheduled for release later this year.

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In a significant move to capture Punjab's growing electric vehicle market, Japanese EV manufacturer Terra Motors has launched its flagship high-speed L5 electric auto showroom in Amritsar. The new facility, established in partnership with local dealer AP Motor & Finance, provides a full sales and service experience, allowing customers to explore, test ride, and purchase Terra's latest models.

The brand's reputation for reliable performance and strong value, built over a decade in the three-wheeler sector, was evident in the overwhelming response to the inauguration. The dealer partnership was secured due to competitive margins, rising consumer demand for EV financing and Terra's proven track record as a top-selling e-rickshaw manufacturer in India. This entry into Amritsar represents a key milestone in Terra Motors' national growth strategy, following recent launches in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, as it aims for a tenfold expansion in the coming years.

The flagship Kyoro+ model is central to this expansion, promoted as a compelling choice for drivers seeking higher earnings. It boasts a segment-leading range of 200 km per charge, a robust build, a five-year warranty, and an attractive starting on-road price of INR 366,000, supported by a low down payment financing scheme.

Go Suzuki, Managing Director, Terra Motors India, said, “Punjab is a key market for us, and partnering with a trusted dealer here will help bring top-quality electric autos to local customers. Our goal is to be present in all major cities with Terra e-autos, and we’re inviting experienced EV dealers to partner with us." 

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Jitendra New EV Tech Pvt Ltd (JNEVTPL), operating as Jitendra Electric Vehicles, has entered a strategic partnership with MET’s Institute of Engineering in Nashik. The Memorandum of Understanding was formally signed on 5 August 2025 at the institute by Dr V P Wani, the Principal, and Tejas Merchant from JNEVTPL's R&D department, with other key faculty and company officials in attendance.

This collaboration is specifically designed to bridge the gap between academic theory and industrial application within the fast-growing electric vehicle industry. The core of the partnership involves a series of joint initiatives focused on research, new product development and industrial consultancy to address complex technical challenges. A significant aspect of the agreement includes expert consultancy from the institute’s engineering department to enhance productivity and implement advanced solutions for real-world problems.

Furthermore, MET’s IOE will provide direct technical support for the development of a range of electric vehicles, including scooters, rickshaws and motorcycles. Crucially, the alliance is committed to fostering the next generation of engineers by offering students hands-on industrial exposure through organised site visits, comprehensive internship programmes and live project opportunities. This practical experience is intended to give them invaluable insight into EV technologies and modern manufacturing processes, effectively preparing them for careers in this evolving field.

Dr Wani, said, “This MoU marks a vital step towards bridging classroom learning with real-world innovation. Collaborating with a forward-looking company like Jitendra EV will empower our students to engage with cutting-edge technologies, enhance their practical skills and contribute meaningfully to the future of electric mobility.”

Merchant said, “This collaboration is more than just knowledge exchange – it's about nurturing future-ready engineers who can contribute to real-time problem-solving and innovation in the EV space. Through this MoU, we aim to build a strong foundation for joint research, product development and talent development.”

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