Tesla may not be the only game-changer in the electric vehicle space anymore. We see many other manufacturers taking huge leaps in the sector, even in India – what with Tata Motors and its Nexon EV ruling a majority of the EV space, or Mahindra, who announced that a fully electric version of its popular XUV300 SUV will be launched in the second half of next year. 

Just like the global automotive market, the Indian automotive market is also going through a transition, and India is just at the beginning of this transition. We currently see electric two- and three-wheelers having great acceptance, which we will eventually see happening in the light vehicle market as well. As for four-wheelers, we are at the start of this transition. In that sense, both the passenger vehicle and small and light commercial vehicle segments will experience electrification eventually. However, the rate at which this happens will be slightly slower as compared to two- and three-wheelers because 80 percent of our market is A and B segment. 

In terms of two- and three-wheelers, the upfront cost, which has been a big hurdle for EV acceptance, has been taken care of by several government subsidies and the special GST rate that they get. Moreover, the government also supports in terms of direct consumer incentive provided to the customers/buyers. 

Another factor that is, in fact, proving to be of help is the rising price of fuel, Suraj Ghosh, Director – Powertrain research and analysis, S&P Global Mobility, tells us. “As the prices of fuel rise, customers are looking for cheaper alternatives. But we must remember that unless the upfront cost has been taken care of, the acceptance of EVs might still be difficult,” he says. 

The challenges
From the supply side, the supply chain for batteries is still not very smooth. Therefore, sourcing batteries that are of good quality is a big challenge for the EV ecosystem right now. “We don’t have the raw material needed for manufacturing EV batteries or cells. The cell production capacity is not available locally and so, it has to be sourced from countries like China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan etc., making us dependent in that sense,” Ghosh informs. 

As for the manufacturers (again, from the supply side), there isn’t much clarity on long-term policies. Right now, the FAME scheme supports EV promotion. However, it has an expiry year of 2024. That raises the question of what happens after that. Will there be a new FAME scheme? Or will the government continue to support the EV ecosystem like it is now? Hence, due to the lack of such clarity, manufacturers are being slightly cautious and are hesitant when it comes to investments in EV manufacturing setups, Ghosh says. 

Currently, the lithium-ion batteries used in EVs have different battery chemistries and certain raw materials involved. “Forming collaborations, joint ventures and technological partnerships with companies that work in the upstream segment of mining operations of those raw materials can play a very key part in India’s future of electrification,” Ghosh asserts. He adds, “In fact, Indian OEMs can form a sort of consortium and collectively bargain for raw materials or other key components that go into EVs. This can turn out to be a good initiative by Indian OEMs.” 

Ghosh further informs that from the demand side, there are not many consumers in India who would happily pay premium for a vehicle just because it’s electric – this isn’t something that will happen overnight. Another challenge that comes to light is parity – in terms of price, convenience and range.

The consumer
Ghosh also believes that the upcoming battery electric vehicles in India are being made keeping a price-conscious customer in mind. He further explains, “When we say EVs, we always talk about range. We cannot have a huge battery pack in our car, because then that would increase the cost. And an increase in cost results in isolating a huge segment of the market that can’t afford that car. Therefore, we have to strike a balance between the range and price of the car, where it becomes affordable and satisfactory in terms of the range. Therefore, this is something that OEMs are keeping in mind for their battery electric vehicles.”

The hybrid strategy

So far, all the OEMs in India have been following a wait-and-watch policy – they do not want to commit to any major investment decisions. If the OEMs have the above-mentioned clarity, we will naturally see more investments being made in EVs. “Right now, some OEMs are gradually introducing EVs but not going all in,” Ghosh cites and adds, “The all-in push from OEMs may not happen at least for the mid-term but perhaps towards the later part of this decade.” 

The strategy for electrifying powertrains is basically an effect of how strict or strong the country’s CO2 regulation is. The CO2 regulation in India is called Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) norm. “The second phase started in April this year, and while this norm does demand the electrification of powertrains, it does not mandate OEMs to have pure EVs in their fleet,” Ghosh shares and continues, “OEMs can comply with these norms by having just hybrid vehicles or having a mix of diesel or CNG in their fleet. In that sense, the regulatory situation is not strict enough to trigger any kind of pure EV adoption – however, hybrids are promoted at the same time. Hybrids are a cheaper method of complying with these CO2 norms and they will be a good strategy for most OEMs. We think that the Toyota and Suzuki joint venture hybrids will be hitting the market very soon – probably later this year or early next year, as we have the second phase of CAFE already in place. However, the hybrid strategy won’t be adopted by every OEM; it will be OEM-specific.” 

“The CO2 compliance can be achieved without EVs and just hybrids,” Ghosh further tells us. In truth, if an OEM can reduce its CO2 footprint, using any technology is up to that respective OEM. The regulation should be technology-neutral, but the push for EVs from the government is so high that some OEMs are forced to take the leap into EVs, skipping the hybrid phase, even if the regulation doesn’t ask for it.  

Hybrid powertrains by Japanese OEMs
Japanese automotive companies, too, like Toyota and Honda, are introducing Indian buyers to hybrid powertrains, and Ghosh is of the opinion that this is a positive move due to the CO2 regulatory framework point of view. He avers, “As the CO2 regulations get more strict from this year, OEMs have to introduce fuel-efficient powertrains into the market. The Japanese OEMs can’t launch EVs directly because their EV products could be too expensive for the Indian market. Hence, the hybrid technology seems like a good fit at the moment. That’s because it’s not very costly, the technology isn’t very complicated, and moreover, it helps in CAFE compliance.” 

Toyota, Ford and India
Japanese companies like Toyota clearly have a set vision on the place hybrid powertrains make for themselves in India. Also, while Toyota is looking to manufacture EV parts in India, Ford, on the other hand, has chosen not to manufacture electric vehicles in India. The reason for Toyota's move is because it has plans to make India a manufacturing hub for electric vehicle parts to meet demand locally as well as for export to Japan and some ASEAN countries. As for Ford, the company said it was working on the business restructuring and continues to explore possible alternatives for its manufacturing facilities. These are two extremely contradicting steps at the same time from two multinational automotive companies for India. 

Sharing his views, Ghosh says, “Ford’s decision was a strategic decision to close down its sales operations in India, given they were not doing well in the country and were not profitable here. They did not capture any of the segments, unlike Toyota, which is very strong in its Innova and Fortuner segment. Toyota has been almost unshaken in its turf for the last 10 to 15 years.” 

He further shares that the two companies – Ford and Toyota – are, in fact, not really at two extreme ends. “Where Toyota has plans to make India a manufacturing hub for electric vehicle parts to meet demand locally as well as for export to Japan and some ASEAN countries, its strategy is about efficient capacity utilisation of the Indian facilities, ” Ghosh says. He continues, “As for Ford, they did not see enough potential in the Indian market and hence, believed that it was better to exit and instead focus on other core markets. Ford now has some plans for EVs that are very North American or European-oriented. Thus, these plans do not suit the Indian environment. So, I don’t think their exit affects the Indian ecosystem in any way. Toyota already exports a lot of ICE technology components from India to ASEAN countries, South America etc. using the Indian facility as an export hub. So now, they are introducing more components to their already existing basket of exports.” 

Making a strong domestic demand
From Japan’s involvement in India’s hybrid powertrains to several Indian EV leaders making strides in the sector, do we see India turning into a manufacturing hub for electric powertrain vehicles in the future? “Looking at China right now, India is too small to be compared with them from the perspective of scale of EV operations,” Ghosh responds. He further states that we have to build a scale comparable to China, and for that, there has to be a very strong domestic demand first. “We cannot supply to the world unless we supply to India,” he says. “Additionally, the Indian OEMs have to make sure that the domestic demand does not go to anybody else. In this case, the manufacturers in India will have the confidence to spread out geographically and sell to the other markets. However, for all of this to become a strong reality, the degree of investment required is not there yet. There must be investments in R&D capabilities, sales and manufacturing setups, charging infrastructure facilities, along with strong support from the government. The government has announced some PLI schemes and policies, which, if implemented, will make things start moving a little faster. There are some OEMs that are very aggressive, like Tata Motors. But despite that, the volume or numbers we have in mind is miniscule as compared to where the Chinese market stands,” Ghosh shares. 

If there’s a demand, there’s a market
Environmental concern is a real thing and electric vehicles are better for the environment. In spite of the future being an electric one, there is a strong demand for diesel vehicles in the luxury car market. This is perhaps because there's still a lot of time before India turns completely electric.

Companies, like Mercedes, for example, still provide diesel and petrol powertrain car models. However, selling diesel cars is not a problem at all if there is a market for it and if those cars comply with market regulations, Ghosh opines. Also, the sale of diesel cars is not limited to the luxury segment; some segments have a natural demand for diesel cars – for example, the taxi segment, small commercial vehicles or small trucks. “Therefore, irrespective of the segment, there are diesel cars in the market and they will exist so till at least 2027 or 2028, when BSVI ends and the next regulation comes in,” Ghosh informs. 

The EV battery supply chain race
Ghosh further highlights that electric cars are always priced at a premium and manufacturers themselves have a constraint on the production. “That’s because the battery supply chain comes into the picture,” he adds. “Around 20 million two-wheelers are sold in India annually. If we decide to replace all these 20 million two-wheelers with electric two-wheelers, then the manufacturers will not be able to produce that much as they do not have control over the battery supply. The battery supply is highly constrained at the moment. So, all the manufacturers are in a race to acquire key elements in the EV battery supply chain.” Giving an example, Ghosh adds, “For instance, automakers like Tesla and VW are looking for partners in the mining sector as they want to have more control on the supply chain of EV batteries.” 

Taking it at a gradual pace
Hence, the race is not about making a vehicle and selling it, but has gone beyond that. While everyone wants to sell an electric vehicle, we must ask, “do we have the batteries to manufacture them?” Moreover, once EVs become mainstream, all the facilities, manufacturing setups, the human resources directly involved with the auto industry and indirectly involved (like the service, insurance, workshop industry etc.) will need to adapt. “Therefore, looking at it holistically, a gradual pace works best, especially for an emerging economy like India,” Ghosh asserts.  

A green future
As we look at a future of powertrain and electrification, India certainly has a potential to be a hub for electric powertrain vehicles. It’s true that as we look at electrification as the future of India’s transport, the challenges haven’t stepped aside. But these are nothing that can’t be solved. With the right clarity on where the electric vehicle market in India is heading, strong localisation and the correct investments, electrification can be a boon for India like never before. Where we see several auto companies making strides in the sector, from Hyundai Motor Co working on developing a small electric car for India to ElectricPe (a new energy infra start-up) forming a strategic alliance with Hero Electric to set up an extensive EV charging infrastructure in the country, Indian transportation looks nothing but green. (MT)

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E3 Electric.Ai, a Bengaluru-based deep-tech electric mobility company building intelligent e-scooters, has received the Central Motor Vehicles Rules (CMVR) Type Approval Certificate from the Global Automotive Research Centre (GARC) for its E3 Trion electric scooter.

The certification confirms compliance with Indian regulatory and safety standards, and the vehicle has been listed on the Vahan portal to allow registration. Customer bookings and ownership processes are scheduled to begin on 6 August.

P Sanjeev, Founder and CEO, E3 Electric.Ai, said, "Receiving the CMVR Type Approval Certification from the Global Automotive Research Centre and seeing the E3 Trion go live on Vahan is a defining moment for E3 Electric.Ai. It means Indian riders can book, register, and own India's first intelligent electric scooter from August 6 with complete confidence in its safety and compliance. We built the Trion to bring genuine intelligence to everyday mobility, and August 6 is when that vision reaches the road."

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Raptee.HV has officially launched its operations in Bengaluru, marking the first major expansion for the Chennai-based electric motorcycle manufacturer beyond its home territory. The move positions the company’s advanced vehicular technology and rider-first service framework within one of India’s most dynamic automotive markets, signalling the beginning of a phased national rollout.

The company’s technological foundation rests on HV-TEC, a proprietary platform developed over half a decade to embed electric car engineering principles into motorcycle design. With over 200 patents safeguarding its innovations, the system integrates battery architecture, power management, software ecosystems and onboard intelligence. Every element has been engineered to tackle persistent rider issues such as charging infrastructure dependency, power delivery, durability and post-purchase assurance.

As part of the Bengaluru entry, a dedicated experience hub has been established where enthusiasts can engage with the T30 model through hands-on demonstrations and trial rides while also accessing comprehensive after-sales infrastructure. The T30 distinguishes itself through CCS2 charger compatibility, which unlocks a network of more than 30,000 public charging stations across the country, supplemented by efficient home-charging options that simplify both urban commutes and highway journeys.

Retailing at INR 239,000 before registration, the T30 offers a practical 150-kilometre range on a single charge and sprints from standstill to 60 kilometres per hour in less than 3.5 seconds. Ownership is reinforced by an eight-year or 80,000-kilometre battery warranty, a three-year vehicle guarantee and perpetual customer assistance including roadside support. Having already commenced deliveries in Chennai earlier this year, Raptee.HV now views Bengaluru as a critical bridgehead for its wider Indian expansion, with additional metropolitan centres slated for future entry.

Dinesh Arjun, CEO & Co-Founder, Raptee.HV, said, "Bengaluru is a city that appreciates meaningful innovation, making it the perfect place for our first expansion. At Raptee.HV, we've always believed that technology is only as good as the experience it creates for customers. That's why every decision we've made from our Electric Car DNA platform to our dedicated customer support and Roadside Assistance has been guided by one objective: giving riders complete confidence at every stage of their ownership journey.”

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JSW MG Motor India has introduced MG ADAPT (Advance Drive Architecture Platform Technology), an indigenous multi-energy vehicle platform designed to unify multiple propulsion systems within a single intelligent architecture. Marketed as the country’s first such modular framework, MG ADAPT supports Electric Vehicles (EVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Range Extender Electric Vehicles (REEVs). This strategic move underscores the automaker’s dedication to advancing new energy mobility solutions across the subcontinent.

Engineered as a future-ready foundation, MG ADAPT prioritises design flexibility to accelerate product development cycles while enhancing driving range, fast-charging capabilities and overall efficiency. The platform’s modular nature allows for the seamless integration of various electrified powertrains, aiming to deliver improved safety, superior performance and refined drivability. By consolidating these technologies, JSW MG Motor India seeks to establish a new industry benchmark in vehicle versatility.

Central to the platform is an integrated technology ecosystem tailored specifically for hybrid applications, featuring a dedicated hybrid engine and a purpose-built battery system that ensures instant electric response and heightened safety. A compact 10-in-1 intelligent electric drive unit reduces system complexity, while an electromagnetic dedicated hybrid transmission facilitates smooth power delivery and rapid response. These components collectively contribute to operational excellence and driving comfort.

An intelligent energy management system orchestrates these elements by continuously assessing driving conditions to select the most efficient operating strategy. Drivers benefit from four distinct modes, including pure electric for urban environments, series hybrid where the engine generates electricity, parallel hybrid for combined motor and engine power and engine direct drive optimised for highway cruising. This adaptive approach maximises efficiency across varied terrains and usage patterns.

The architecture also incorporates range extender technology, wherein the electric motor permanently drives the wheels while a petrol engine acts exclusively as a generator to replenish the battery when needed. This configuration preserves an electric-first driving sensation while substantially increasing overall range, thereby alleviating range anxiety for long-distance travel. MG ADAPT ultimately reinforces the company’s vision for sustainable, flexible mobility in India’s rapidly transforming automotive landscape.

Anurag Mehrotra, Managing Director, JSW MG Motor India, said, "At JSW MG Motor India, we believe the future of mobility lies in giving customers the freedom to choose the energy solution that best suits their lifestyle, without compromising on performance, efficiency or driving experience. MG ADAPT marks a defining milestone in our New Energy Vehicle journey and reflects our commitment to bringing globally advanced technologies that are relevant to the evolving needs of Indian customers.

“Designed as a highly flexible technology platform, MG ADAPT brings together multiple energy solutions on a single intelligent architecture, enabling us to deliver vehicles that are more efficient, more adaptable and engineered for the future. As we continue to expand our New Energy Vehicle portfolio, this platform will serve as the technological backbone of our future products and reinforce our commitment to accelerating sustainable mobility in India."

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Kia India has officially introduced the Syros EV, marking its second mass-market electric vehicle offering in the country. The automaker has simultaneously initiated pre-bookings for the new model, requiring a nominal reservation amount of INR 25,000. These bookings are being accepted through the company’s official website and across its network of dealerships nationwide, signalling the brand's aggressive push into the growing electric mobility segment.

The core of the Syros EV’s proposition lies in its comprehensive ownership package, designed to tackle the primary apprehensions that typically deter buyers from transitioning to electric vehicles. The vehicle boasts a best-in-segment ARAI-certified range of 526 kilometres for the larger battery variant. To further bolster consumer confidence, Kia is offering a lifetime high-voltage battery warranty, an assured buyback programme to protect residual value, and a flexible Battery-as-a-Service financing option. These initiatives collectively address longstanding concerns regarding battery longevity, resale value and the initial purchase cost.

Underpinning its performance credentials, the Syros EV is built on Kia’s reinforced K1 platform and is available with two advanced Nickel Manganese Cobalt battery packs. The larger 51.4 kWh unit delivers a peak power output of 171 PS, enabling the vehicle to accelerate from 0 to 100 kilometres per hour in a brisk 8.1 seconds. The alternative 42 kWh battery provides a range of 443 kilometres. Both units feature an IP67 certification and a liquid-cooled thermal management system, ensuring performance and safety across diverse Indian climatic conditions.

The Syros EV is distinguished by a suite of exclusive technologies aimed at enhancing the driving experience. These include paddle shifters for regenerative braking with an auto mode and i-Pedal functionality, alongside a vehicle-to-load internal system. The charging ecosystem is further strengthened by the K-Charge platform, which integrates over 20,300 charging points from 23 operators into a single interface on the MyKia app. This network is supported by more than 129 Kia dealerships equipped with high-capacity DC fast chargers and over 275 EV-ready workshops, ensuring comprehensive service support.

The exterior design adheres to Kia’s global electric vehicle philosophy, featuring a distinctive Digital Tiger Face and Star Map LED lighting elements. The interior is dominated by a first-in-segment thirty-inch Trinity Panoramic Display Panel, which merges the instrument cluster, infotainment and climate control interfaces. The cabin emphasises comfort with features like ventilated seats, a dual-pane panoramic sunroof and a 60:40 split rear seat with slide and recline functions, alongside practical additions such as a 16-litre frunk and multiple USB charging ports.

Safety is a paramount consideration, with the Syros EV equipped with Level 2 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, encompassing 16 autonomous functions including collision avoidance and smart cruise control. These are complemented by 25 standard safety features, including six airbags, electronic stability control and a 360-degree camera for enhanced manoeuvrability. The model will be offered in seven trims across two battery options, with a choice of nine exterior colours and multiple interior themes, including an exclusive Onyx Black and Hunter Green option for the X-Line variant.

Gwanggu Lee, Managing Director and CEO, Kia India, said, “Our philosophy of 'Movement that Inspires' is about making future mobility meaningful, accessible and enriching for our customers. With the Syros EV, our second mass-market electric vehicle for India, we are democratising advanced electric mobility – not only through cutting-edge technology but by removing the anxieties that hold customers back. The Syros EV delivers a best-in-segment ARAI-certified range of 526 km – the first in its segment to cross the 500-km mark. Paired with a best-in-segment power output of 171 PS, it gives customers the confidence to go further without compromising on performance. Backed by a simplified and effortless ownership experience, including a Lifetime Battery Warranty, Assured Buyback and BaaS, we are addressing what matters most to Indian families, bringing them a decisive step closer to going electric.”

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