Factors such as ‘time-to-market’, regulations and costs are tilting the tables in the direction of modular vehicle architecture. This includes the design and assembly of all sub-systems of a vehicle in a modular manner. This also includes design standardisation and that of the production of auto parts in the form of modules.  

The advantage of modular vehicle architecture can be clearly seen at the final 'assembly' stage were numerous variants (read as trims) can be positioned seamlessly and without bringing an entire operation to the halt for the want of a module, part of an assembly tool. 

While the first instance of the employment of modular vehicle architecture in India may be hard to pin point, it was Ashok Leyland that announced the launch of a modular architecture in the form of the medium and heavy-duty AVTR truck platform as the BS VI emission norms came into effect in 2020.  

The move reminded of the comprehensive modular architecture approach of Swedish truck maker Scania. The kind of modularity Scania built into its trucks was such that its customers could choose from a wide range of aggregates such as engines, transmissions, chassis, cabin and more to build a truck that would best address their application requirements.  

Unlike the Scania’s approach to modularity, Ashok Leyland chose to offer its truck buyers the choice of engines, transmissions, suspensions, cabins and superstructure so that they could build a vehicle that met their business needs.  

One of the key reasons why Ashok Leyland chose to go down the modular architecture route was the need to cut down on components such as the exhaust parts. There would have been parts that the company would have to produce in many numbers and types to address the customer requirements in the BS VI era had it not taken to the modular approach.  

Not only did the AVTR modular architecture helped streamline the supply chain and control the costs better, it made sure the buyer of an Ashok Leyland medium or heavy-duty truck could choose from more than 600,000 unique combinations.  

Like Ashok Leyland, Tata Motors has also been quite active in design and development of modular architectures. It developed the modular truck architecture in the form of the Prima many years ago along with its Korean Daewoo commercial vehicle arm. Not limiting itself to the Prima, the company developed modular architectures in the form of the Signa and Ultra. 

It was the modular approach that led to the creation of some brilliant models such at the Signa 3118 and the Ultra 3118.  

On the passenger vehicle side, the ‘ALFA’ modular architecture is being put to good use by Tata Motors in reducing the time to market and in controlling the costs as it competes with some of the most agile global passenger vehicle manufacturers in its home market as well as other markets in the world. 
The ‘ALFA’ modular vehicle architecture is currently supporting the Altroz and Punch. It is also the basis for the electric Punch that is expected to be launched soon in India.  

Allowing a differentiated design approach and subsequently multiple body styles to meet the evolving aspirations of customers in the automotive market, the ‘ALFA modular architecture – termed as ‘Agile Light Flexible Advanced’ and basis for an exciting e 45X concept – is playing a crucial role in meeting the high-volume demand for an entire portfolio of cars at Tata Motors as of now.  

The beauty of the ‘ALFA’ architecture is such that it could be used to create diverse vehicles with distinct body styles with a variety of powertrains (petrol, diesel, CNG and even electric), transmissions, drivelines, suspensions etc, mentioned a source. A combination of body styles, hardware and software could be deployed to offer the necessary attributes, he added.  

Pointing at the recent introduction of Punch CNG with twin-cylinder CNG technology, he informed that the ‘ALFA’ modular architecture is helping to expand the scope of twin-cylinder CNC tech as much.  

The differentiating factor of the technology is that it does not eat into the vehicle storage space. The vehicle body can receive necessary reinforcements to bear the additional weight of the cylinders. In the CNG Punch, the suspension too has been suitably strengthened to handle the additional weight.  

Observing that the CNG Punch is just one part, the source said that the electric Punch would mean that the ‘ALFA’ modular vehicle architecture has truly come to age. Claimed to be undergoing advanced testing and validation, the electric Punch would further enhance Tata Motors’ lead in the electric passenger vehicle space. It is expected to be introduced by the end of this year or early next year.  

The ambitions that Tata Motors has regarding its EV portfolio could be derived from the fact that on 29 August 2023 it announced a new brand identity TATA.ev for its EV business. It is aligned with Tata Motors' commitment towards sustainability and innovation.

EVs influence modular vehicle architectures
EVs are turning to be a big factor for the creation of modular platforms lately as they promise less complexities pertaining to platform engineering, keeping them to the bare minimum. Modular electric vehicle architectures are also enabling the development of core platforms with standardised design and production of auto parts in the form of modules and a streamlined as well as compact final 'assembly' as per the positioning of models. 

The R&D and production costs, shortening the development cycle of new models, facilitating the unification of quality standards and improving the overall strength of products, modular electric vehicle architectures are enabling unique ‘oil-to-electricity’ transformations as well.  

Dedicated modular electric vehicle architectures are enabling clever integration (read as badge engineering) across brands and as a part of the new cooperation strategies. With software defined vehicles the order of the day, electric vehicles especially, the tilt towards modular vehicle architecture is proving to be beneficial in terms of offering a differentiated user experience, to keep control over the supply chain and to keep control over the costs and to test and validate. 

(Image for representation purpose only)

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JSW Motors, the new-energy vehicle arm of the JSW Group, and Tata Elxsi have entered a strategic alliance to establish JNEXT – the JSW NextGen Technology Center in Pune. This engineering hub is designed to support the development of software-defined, AI-powered mobility solutions as JSW Motors prepares its upcoming vehicle programmes for the Indian market.

Under the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), Tata Elxsi will lead the end-to-end implementation of the Connected Vehicle Platform and a unified customer experience app.

This partnership covers the entire vehicle lifecycle, from conceptualisation and cloud integration to production and aftersales support. The collaboration is a key component of JSW Motors’ strategy to build a localised, technology-led ecosystem for electric and connected vehicles.

The JNEXT Center will leverage Tata Elxsi’s proprietary platforms, such as TETHER Auto, to deliver several advanced capabilities:

• Digital & Data Solutions: User experience (UX) design, cloud platforms, and over-the-air (OTA) update frameworks.
• Intelligent Systems: AI/ML analytics, 5G-enabled technology, digital twins, and cybersecurity.
• Immersive Tech: Location-based services and AR/VR/XR integration to enhance the customer ownership experience.
• Architecture: Software-defined vehicle architectures, predictive maintenance diagnostics and functional safety frameworks aligned with global standards.

Ranjan Nayak, CEO, JSW Motors, said, “Tata Elxsi's proven expertise across software-defined vehicles, ADAS, electrification, and digital engineering will help us accelerate development timelines and raise the bar on quality, safety, and innovation. This partnership is a step forward in our commitment to indigenisation, delivering world-class vehicles for Indian customers.”

Manoj Raghavan, MD & CEO, Tata Elxsi, added, “The future of mobility will be increasingly connected and software-defined, where vehicles continuously evolve through software, data, and intelligent systems. The JNEXT – JSW NextGen Technology Center will be instrumental in translating this into real-world mobility solutions across vehicle programmes.”

The establishment of this hub in Pune positions both companies at the forefront of India's shift toward intelligent, new-energy mobility, combining JSW's industrial manufacturing scale with Tata Elxsi’s software and design engineering expertise.

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Schaeffler and VinDynamics, a subsidiary of the Vietnamese conglomerate Vingroup, have entered a strategic partnership to develop and supply planetary gearboxes for humanoid robotics.

This agreement marks Schaeffler’s first collaboration with a humanoid robot manufacturer in the Asia/Pacific region, expanding a global network that already includes partners in Europe, China and the US.

The collaboration focuses on planetary gearboxes, which are components of the actuators that serve as the joints and muscles for humanoid robots. These gearboxes provide the torque density and efficiency required for robots to perform movements. Beyond hardware supply, the two organisations will gather data on robot performance and application. This data will be utilised to refine actuator design and develop services such as condition monitoring and predictive maintenance.

Maximilian Fiedler, Regional CEO – Asia/Pacific, Schaeffler AG, said, "VinDynamics is an inspiring technology partner with a clear and ambitious vision for humanoid robotics. Our collaboration underscores Schaeffler's commitment to working alongside pioneering innovators to advance the next generation of motion technologies. By integrating Schaeffler's decades of expertise in actuator and drive technologies with VinDynamics' capabilities in developing next-generation robotic systems, we are confident that this partnership will deliver significant technological advancements."

La Manh Hung, President, VinDynamics, added, "This partnership represents not only a convergence of technological capabilities but also a strategic alignment of vision, as both organisations are committed to shaping the future of humanoid robotics. We believe that by combining our respective strengths, this collaboration will unlock transformative opportunities and accelerate the transition of humanoid robots from research environments to impactful real-world applications across both industrial and everyday settings."

Schaeffler is applying technology from its existing product families to the robotics sector. The planetary gearboxes are engineered for a compact footprint while enabling the precise and energy-efficient movement necessary for robot joints to function in real-world environments.

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Rocklink India has officially inaugurated its first integrated recycling facility at the UPSIDC Industrial Area in Sikandrabad, Uttar Pradesh. This site marks a major step in establishing a domestic circular economy for critical minerals, specifically targeting the burgeoning electric mobility and renewable energy sectors in India.

The plant is designed to handle a wide variety of inputs, including 95 different types of pre- and post-consumer battery scrap, as well as complex permanent magnet alloys such as NdFeB, SmCo and AlNiCo.

The facility utilises Rocklink’s proprietary R2 technology, which focuses on high recovery efficiency while maintaining stringent environmental safety standards. It features an initial lithium-ion battery recycling capacity of 10,000 tonnes per year, capable of producing high-purity black mass.

Additionally, the site manages rare earth magnet dismantling and processing at a rate of 60 tonnes per month. To further enhance its capabilities, the company expects to complete its rare earth chloride processing line – which has a production capacity of 1,500 tonnes per year – in the first quarter of 2026, utilising a 22-meter direct-heated rotary kiln for the safe calcination of metal-bearing industrial waste.

Beyond material recovery, the facility aims to achieve over 98 percent recovery efficiency for key metals including aluminium, copper and iron.

Rocklink India also plans to integrate battery refurbishment operations, enabling the safe reuse of viable battery cells through international standards for testing and balancing to extend resource efficiency.

To support these operations, the company is expanding its Magcycle reverse logistics model and a ‘Know Your Material’ (KYM) approach to ensure structured collection and accurate material grading. Through collaborations with technology startups and research institutions, Rocklink aims to advance dismantling automation and strengthen India's domestic supply chains for critical raw materials.

Leonard Alexander Ansorge, Director, Rocklink India, said, “The establishment of this facility marks an important step in building advanced recycling infrastructure for critical materials in India. With capabilities to process lithium-ion batteries and rare earth magnets, we aim to support the development of a circular ecosystem for critical raw materials that are essential to electric mobility, renewable energy systems, and advanced manufacturing.”

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AUMOVIO (formerly Continental’s Automotive business) and trinamiX, a subsidiary of BASF, have co-developed a non-invasive blood alcohol measurement system for vehicle cockpits.

First showcased at CES 2026 in Las Vegas, the technology uses miniaturised near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to detect ethanol molecules through the skin, providing precise results in under 10 seconds.

The system is designed to meet emerging global safety regulations for driver-monitoring systems (DMS) and alcohol interlocks. Unlike traditional breathalysers, which require the user to blow into a tube, this solution operates by simply touching a fingertip to a discreetly integrated sensor, which could be placed on the dashboard, steering wheel, or within the centre console.

The sensor works by emitting invisible near-infrared light pulses into the tissue beneath the skin.

The light interacts with ethanol molecules, creating a unique reflection pattern (a molecular fingerprint). Through AI-based algorithms process these reflections in real-time to derive a precise blood alcohol concentration (BAC). The technology’s performance has been scientifically validated through a clinical study registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS).

By integrating this health and safety feature directly into the vehicle's User Experience (UX), AUMOVIO and trinamiX aim to make sober-driving verification as seamless as a smartphone fingerprint scan. The solution is highly configurable, allowing manufacturers to set different threshold levels based on local legal requirements.

Pavel Prouza, Head of the User Experience (UX) business area at AUMOVIO, said, “By integrating a blood alcohol measurement solution directly into the vehicle cockpit, we are clearly demonstrating how health and safety features can be seamlessly and discreetly incorporated into the vehicle interior while enhancing the user experience. With our future-ready solution, we are increasing road safety while maintaining the usual level of convenience.”

Dr. Wilfried Hermes, Director of Consumer Electronics & Automotive, trinamiX, added, “Our NIR spectroscopy technology offers a reliable, user-friendly way to measure blood alcohol levels directly in the vehicle and sets new standards. By providing OEMs with an effective tool to comply with future regulations, we are laying the foundation for greater safety for all road users without compromising driving comfort.”

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