The BMW Group is accelerating the digital transformation of its manufacturing operations by embedding artificial intelligence deeply into physical processes. A central focus of this strategy is Physical AI, a concept that unites digital intelligence with machinery and robotics. This integration allows systems like humanoid robots to function effectively within live production environments. For the first time, this approach is being introduced in Europe through a pilot project at the company’s Leipzig plant, where humanoid robots will be tested in the assembly of high-voltage batteries and component manufacturing. This initiative builds on a previous deployment at the Spartanburg plant in United States, where valuable experience was gained and is now being used to refine and scale the technology.

Artificial intelligence is already embedded throughout the BMW production system, underpinning functions such as digital twins, AI-supported quality assurance and autonomous transport in intralogistics. A unified data architecture serves as the foundation for this intelligence, enabling real-time access to consistent and standardised information across all manufacturing locations. This infrastructure supports the deployment of digital AI agents capable of autonomous decision-making in complex environments. When these agents are paired with robotic systems, they give rise to Physical AI, which represents a significant evolution in production technology.

The company views humanoid robotics as a strategic addition to its automation portfolio. These robots are particularly suited to tasks that are repetitive, physically strenuous or present safety risks. By deploying them in such roles, the company aims to reduce physical strain on employees and enhance workplace conditions. To drive this forward, a Center of Competence for Physical AI in Production has been established to consolidate expertise and facilitate knowledge sharing across the organisation.

A structured process governs the evaluation of potential technology partners. Candidates are assessed against criteria related to maturity and industrial applicability, followed by laboratory testing using real production scenarios. Successful tests lead to limited deployments under actual factory conditions before advancing to full pilot phases. This methodology ensures that only thoroughly vetted solutions are integrated into series production.

The Leipzig pilot is being conducted in collaboration with Hexagon, a longstanding partner specialising in sensor technology and software. Following theoretical and laboratory evaluations, an initial deployment of Hexagon’s humanoid robot, AEON, took place at the plant in December 2025. A second test phase is scheduled for April 2026, with the full pilot set to begin in the summer of that year. The robot’s human-like design allows for the attachment of various tools and grippers, making it adaptable for multiple tasks in battery assembly and parts manufacturing.

Earlier work at the Spartanburg plant provided critical insights into the practical application of humanoid robotics. In partnership with Figure AI, the robot Figure 02 was deployed in body shop operations, where it handled the precise placement of sheet metal parts for welding. Over 10 months, the robot supported the production of more than 30,000 vehicles, operating in 10-hour shifts and handling over 90,000 components. The pilot demonstrated that humanoid robots could perform high-precision tasks reliably and safely in a live production setting. It also highlighted the importance of early collaboration with teams responsible for IT infrastructure, safety and logistics. Seamless integration into the existing automation ecosystem was achieved through standardised interfaces, and employee reception was notably positive, aided by transparent communication from the outset.

The success of these initial deployments has paved the way for further collaboration. BMW and Figure are currently exploring additional applications for the next-generation Figure 03 robot, continuing to build on the foundation established in both United States and Europe.

Milan Nedeljković, Member of the Board of Management of BMW AG, Production, said, “Digitalisation improves the competitiveness of our production – here in Europe and worldwide. The symbiosis of engineering expertise and artificial intelligence opens up entirely new possibilities in production,”.

Michael Nikolaides, Senior Vice President Production Network, Supply Chain Management at BMW Group, said, “Our aim is to be a technology leader and to integrate new technologies into production at an early stage. Pilot projects help us to test and further develop the use of Physical AI – that is, AI‑enabled robots capable of learning – under real-world industrial conditions. The successful first deployment of humanoid robots at our BMW Group plant in Spartanburg in the USA proves that a humanoid robot can function not only under controlled laboratory conditions but also in an existing automotive manufacturing environment.”

Michael Ströbel, Head of Process Management and Digitalisation, Order to Delivery at BMW Group, said, “We are delighted to deploy a humanoid robot for the first time in a pilot project at a plant in Germany. Following evaluation by our Center of Competence for Physical AI in Production, tests were carried out in the laboratory and at Plant Leipzig at the end of last year. This year, our focus is on step‑by‑step integration into our production system to explore a wide range of applications. The emphasis is on researching multifunctional use of the robot in various production areas such as battery manufacturing for energy modules and component production for exterior parts. With Hexagon, we have found a proven long‑standing partner with a highly innovative approach to humanoid robotics for this project.”

Felix Haeckel, Team Lead CoC Physical AI for Production, said, “At our new Center of Competence for Physical AI in Production, we are pooling our expertise to make knowledge on AI and robotics widely usable within the company. In recent years, we have built up an international team of experts that, in addition to in‑house research and programming, is dedicated to the gradual integration of AI into the existing production system. At the same time, our team in Munich is driving its own robotics research to set up, support and further develop pilot projects in the field of Physical AI at our plants.”

Arnaud Robert, President of Hexagon Robotics, said, “We are very pleased to be working with the BMW Group to advance the use of humanoid robots in real‑world environments.”

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Chinese technology company Hesai Technology has joined the Nvidia Halos AI Systems Inspection Lab, an accredited body for the inspection of AI-driven physical systems. As a member, Hesai will validate its lidar platforms within a framework covering functional safety, cybersecurity and AI compliance.

Nvidia Halos is a safety system for physical AI that unifies safety elements across vehicle and robotics architectures. The system combines hardware, software and models to safeguard autonomous vehicle (AV) and robotics stacks.

Hesai utilises a ‘Safety Triad’ engineering approach, which integrates:

• Functional Safety: Adherence to ISO 26262 standards.
• Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF): Managing risks from functional inadequacies.
• Cybersecurity: Protecting system integrity across real-world environments.

The company claims that Hesai was the first LiDAR manufacturer to obtain ISO 26262 ASIL B certification and currently participates in global safety standard development alongside firms including Bosch, Nissan and ZF.

The collaboration between Hesai and Nvidia began in 2019 with the integration of LiDAR into Nvidia autonomous computing platforms. Hesai has delivered over 2 million LiDAR units globally to date.

The company was recently selected as a lidar partner for Nvidia DRIVE AGX Hyperion 10, a reference architecture designed to make vehicles Level 4-ready. This platform enables the development of AI-defined fleets for automakers and developers.

David Li, Co-Founder and CEO, Hesai Technology, said, “Autonomous systems will only achieve broad adoption if they meet the highest standards of safety and reliability. As autonomous vehicles and intelligent machines move toward large-scale deployment, safety becomes the defining requirement for the entire system.”

“Our work with Nvidia began several years ago with the integration of Hesai LiDAR on Nvidia autonomous computing platforms. Lidar is often the primary sensor responsible for detecting hazards in the most critical situations on the road. Joining the Nvidia Halos ecosystem allows us to further strengthen the safety architecture required to bring trusted autonomous technology into everyday use,” he said.

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Zenobe, a fleet electrification and battery storage specialist, has acquired California-based Revolv to expand its electric truck operations in the United States. The transaction marks Zenobe's entry into the North American commercial fleet and truck segment.

The acquisition adds to Zenobe's established portfolio in student transportation and public transit across the U.S. and Canada.

Key additions to Zenobe’s network include:

• Operational Sites: 13 customer sites located in California.
• Fleet Size: More than 100 electric trucks integrated into the service network.
• Project Pipeline: Additional commercial projects currently under development.

Zenobe intends to integrate the Revolv team to maintain continuity for existing customers and leverage regional expertise. The combined platform provides end-to-end solutions, including vehicle provision, charging infrastructure, financing and battery lifecycle management.

The expansion follows a period of growth in the U.S. Zero Emission Truck (ZET) market, where over 59,000 vehicles have been deployed nationwide. Zenobe’s strategy focuses on a battery-as-a-service (BaaS) model, which involves performance guarantees and the management of second-life battery applications to reduce risks for fleet operators.

The acquisition is supported by Zenobe’s major investors, KKR and Infracapital, as part of a broader effort to scale electrification in hard-to-decarbonise sectors.

Andreas Lips, President of EV North America, Zenobe, said, “Revolv's end-to-end fleet electrification model is highly complementary to Zenobe's global experience and our growth plans in North America. As commercial fleet electrification enters its next phase, operators are increasingly seeking partners who can deliver vehicles, infrastructure, financing and long-term battery performance under one roof. This acquisition strengthens our ability to provide flexible, end-to-end solutions at scale across North America.”

Steven Meersman, Founder Director, Zenobe, said, “This is a strong opportunity to accelerate electrification at scale, by pairing Revolv's fleet electrification platform with our deep experience and unique financing models. We're grateful to Revolv CEO Scott Davidson and the team at GDEV Management for backing Revolv early on. Now we are taking it to the next stage.”

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51WORLD has been named as Nvidia’s global Level 4 simulation partner. The companies announced an integration between Nvidia Omniverse NuRec and 51WORLD’s SimOne platform during the Nvidia GTC Conference on 16 March 2026.

The collaboration utilises neural rendering technology to convert static, real-world collected scenario data into interactive simulation environments. This process is intended to address limitations in autonomous driving development workflows by making recorded data reactive.

The platform is designed to support the training of reasoning-based autonomous systems, including – world models, vision-language-action (VLA) models and physical AI development tools.

By transforming real-world data into interactive simulations, the integration increases the volume and variety of edge cases available for developers working on Level 4 autonomous systems.

At present, 51WORLD holds a 53.5 percent share of the L3+ simulation market in China. The partnership with Nvidia is intended to extend the company's reach into international autonomous driving programmes and provide development tooling for global automotive partners.

The announcement coincided with several related partnerships involving Nvidia’s DRIVE Hyperion, Omniverse and Alpamayo technologies, focused on the advancement of autonomous vehicle platforms.

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Volvo Cars has earned the highest possible rating for software-defined vehicle (SDV) capabilities from S&P Global Mobility, standing alone among legacy automakers as the only one to achieve a Level 5 designation. This top-tier ranking underscores the company’s capacity to enhance nearly all aspects of a vehicle throughout its lifespan, delivering greater long-term value to customers. Through over-the-air (OTA) updates, Volvo can introduce new safety functions, accelerate charging speeds, extend driving range and refine the overall user experience.

The transition to software-defined vehicles represents a transformative leap for Volvo, empowering its cars on the road to continuously evolve and setting a new benchmark for safety. As part of its most significant technological overhaul in nearly a century, the company now leverages real-world data to generate insights that inform the development of future safety and driver assistance systems.

Central to this capability is HuginCore, Volvo’s internally developed core system. Featuring a sophisticated electrical architecture, a central computing platform, zone controllers and integrated software, HuginCore is the foundation of the company’s three software-centric models: the EX90, ES90 and EX60. This architecture enables scalable enhancements, faster innovation cycles and superior experiences across the entire vehicle lineup.

S&P Global Mobility, a premier provider of automotive intelligence, offers the comprehensive data and expert analysis that informed this evaluation, assisting the industry in making more informed, lower-risk decisions.

Håkan Samuelsson, CEO, Volvo Cars, said, “Years of focused engineering efforts and investments have given Volvo software capabilities that only a select few in the industry have achieved. This has enabled us to deliver a step change in customer experiences and development speed.”

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